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Neuropsych > Cranial cavity > Flashcards

Cranial cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bregma?

A

Meeting point of the coronal and sagittal sutures

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2
Q

What is the lambda?

A

Meeting point of the sagittal and lamdoid sutures

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3
Q

What are the granular foveole?

A

Pits on either side of the sagittal sulcus that house arachnoid granulations

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4
Q

What is the Pterion?

A

Thinnest part of the lateral wall of the skull
Marks the junction between the parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones

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5
Q

What can occur with an injury over the pterion?

A

Epidural hemorrhage
Related to middle meningeal artery and vein

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6
Q

What are emissary veins?

A

Valveless veins that pass through skulll bones connecting the veins of the scalp to the venous sinuses inside the cranial cavity

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7
Q

What is the dangerous area of the scalp?

A

4th layer of loose CT

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8
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae and there separations?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Separation - lesser wing of sphenoid
Middle cranial fossa
Separation - petrous part of temporal bone
Posterior cranial fossa

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9
Q

What is the cristal galli?

A

Sharp upward projection of ethmoid bone in the anterior cranial fossa
Site of attachment for falx cerebri

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10
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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11
Q

What structures pass through the optic canal?

A

Optic N
Ophthalmic A branch of ICA

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12
Q

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor N
Trochlear N
CN V1 - ophthalmic division of trigeminal N
Abducens N
Superior ophthalmic vein

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13
Q

What does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?

A

Cavernous sinus

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14
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal N (CN V2)

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15
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal N (CN V3)

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16
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal A

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17
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

Hypophysial fossa
Accommodates pituitary gland
On sphenoid bone

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18
Q

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

Medulla oblongata
Meninges
Vertebral A
Spinal roots of spinal accessory nerves

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19
Q

Where does the hypoglossal N leave the cranial cavity?

A

Hypoglossal N - CN XII

20
Q

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal N
Vagus N
Spinal accessory N
Sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinuses

21
Q

What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial N
Vestibulocochlear N
Labyrinthine A

22
Q

What is scaphocephaly?

A

Premature fusion of sagittal suture

23
Q

What is brachycephaly?

A

Premature fusion of the coronal and lamboidal sutures

24
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

Premature fusion of the coronal and lambdoid sutures on one side of the skull

25
Q

What will prevent fontanelles from fusing?

A

Vit D deficiency

26
Q

When should the anterior fontanelle close by?

A

18 months

27
Q

When should the posterior fontanelle close by?

A

1 year old

28
Q

What are the layers of dura mater?

A

Endosteal layer - outer
Meningeal layer - inner

29
Q

What is a characteristic of arachnoid mater?

A

Avascular

30
Q

What are the dural folds?

A

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
Diaphragm sellae

31
Q

What is the location of the cavernous sinus?

A

Either side of sella turcica

32
Q

What are the tributaries of the cavernous sinus?

A

Superior ophthalmic V
Inferior ophthalmic V
Central V of retina
Sphenoparietal sinus

33
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain into?

A

Petrosal sinus to internal jugular V

34
Q

What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

Oculomotor N
Trochlear N
Ophthalmic N
Maxillary N (V2)
Abducent N
ICA

35
Q

How can a tooth infection spread to the cavernous sinus?

A

Through pterygoid venous plexus

36
Q

What artery is involved in an epidural hemorrhage?

A

Anterior branch of middle meningeal A

37
Q

What is the characteristic shape of epidural hemorrhage?

A

Elliptical in shape and hyperdense

38
Q

What type of hemorrhage can cross the midline?

A

Epidural hemorrhage

39
Q

What artery is involved in a intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

Middle cerebral A

40
Q

What are three things that can caused communicating hydrocephalus?

A

Arachnoiditis
Choroid plexus papilloma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage

41
Q

What is filum terminale?

A

Delicate, glistening thread-like structure that extends from conus medullaris to first coccygeal vertebra

42
Q

What are the two parts of the filum terminale?

A

Externum - outside dural sac - 5 cm
Internum - within dural sac - 15 cm

43
Q

What structure is the filum terminale related to?

A

Pia mater

44
Q

What is the subarachnoid septum?

A

Mid sagittal pial septum that connects dorsal surface of spinal cord with arachnoid mater

45
Q

What is the linea splendens?

A

Pial septum into anterior medial fissure

46
Q

What is the ligamentum denticulata?

A

Two transparent bands extending laterally between posterior and anterior nerve roots from pia mater that cover the cord

Neuropsych (20 decks)

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