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Neuropsych > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex?

A

Molecular
External granular
External pyramidal
Internal granular
Internal pyramidal
Multiform

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2
Q

What characterizes cortical areas that do not give off long axons?

A

Fewer pyramidal cells and more granular cells

Called granular areas

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3
Q

What characterizes cortical areas that give off long axons?

A

More pyramidal cells and fewer granular cells

Called agranular areas

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4
Q

What are the major sulci?

A

Lateral/sylvian sulcus
Central/rolando sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Calcarine sulcus

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5
Q

What is Brodmann area 4?

A

Primary motor area

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6
Q

What is Brodmann area 6?

A

Premotor area

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7
Q

What is Brodmann area 8?

A

Frontal eye field

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8
Q

What are Brodmann areas 44 and 45?

A

Motor speech areas

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9
Q

What are Brodmann areas 3, 1, and 2?

A

Primary sensory areas

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10
Q

What are Brodmann areas 5 and 7?

A

Sensory association areas

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11
Q

What Brodmann area corresponds with Wernicke’s area?

A

Area 22

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12
Q

What are Brodmann areas 41 and 42?

A

Primary auditory areas

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13
Q

What corresponds to Brodmann area 22?

A

Secondary auditory area/auditory association area

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14
Q

What corresponds to Brodmann area 17?

A

Primary visual/striate area

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15
Q

What corresponds to Brodmann areas 18 and 19?

A

Secondary visual/visual association areas

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16
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Part of precentral gyrus

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17
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

Postcentral gyrus

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18
Q

What can cause agnosia?

A

Damage to a unimodal association area

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19
Q

What occurs with a lesion of the dominant superior parietal lobule?

A

Astereognosis - inability to recognize objects by touch

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20
Q

What conditions are related to lesions of the dominant inferior parietal lobule?

A

Receptive aphasia
Gerstmann syndrome
Alexia with agraphia
Tactile agnosia
Ideomotor apraxia
Ideational apraxia

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21
Q

What is the primary responsibility of the nondominant hemisphere?

A

3D or spatial perception, and nonverbal ideation

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22
Q

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant superior parietal lobule?

A

Contralateral neglect

23
Q

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant inferior parietal lobule?

A

Left-side hemineglect

24
Q

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant inferior frontal gyrus?

A

Expressive dysprody -cannot express emotion in speech

25
Q

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant superior temporal gyrus?

A

Receptive dysprody - cannot comprehend emotion of speech

26
Q

What occurs with a lesion of the primary motor area?

A

Contralateral flaccid paralysis of body

27
Q

What indicates a lesion of the frontal eye field?

A

Eyes deviate to side of lesion and cannot turn to opposite side

28
Q

What indicates a lesion of the secondary auditory area?

A

Inability to interpret meaning of sounds - auditory verbal agnosia

29
Q

What is damaged to cause conduction aphasia?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

30
Q

What are the symptoms of Gerstmann syndrome?

A

Alexia
Agraphia
Acalculia
Finger agnosia
Right to left confusion

31
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Loss of ability to execute planned movements

32
Q

What are signs of an anterior cerebral A occlusion?

A

Contralateral weakness and sensory loss mainly in lower extreminities

33
Q

What are signs of a middle cerebral A occlusion?

A

Contralateral hemiplegia of face and upper extremity and hemianaesthesia
Aphasia is left-side lesion
Apraxia

34
Q

What are signs of posterior cerebral A occlusion?

A

Contralateral hemianopia and hemianaesthesia

35
Q

What are the classifications of white matter fibers in the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Projection fibers

36
Q

What are association fibers?

A

Interconnect cortical sites lying within one cerebral hemisphere

37
Q

What are commissural fibers?

A

Run from one cerebral hemisphere to the other connecting functionally related structures

38
Q

What are projection fibers?

A

Pass between cerebral cortex and subcortical structures

39
Q

What is the uncinate fasciculus?

A

Association fiber connecting motor speech and orbital cortex of frontal lobe to temporal lobe

40
Q

What is the arcuate fasciculus?

A

Association fiber connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

41
Q

What is the superior longitudinal fasciculus?

A

Association fiber connecting frontal lobe to occipital and frontal lobes

42
Q

What is the inferior longitudinal fasciculus?

A

Association fiber connecting visual associated areas of occipital lobe to the temporal lobe

43
Q

What is the fronto-occipital fasciculus?

A

Association fiber from frontal pole into occipital and temporal lobes

44
Q

What are the commissural fibers?

A

Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure
Optic chiasm
Habenular commissure
Fornix/hippocampal commissure

45
Q

What is connected by the anterior commissure?

A

Lower and anterior temporal lobes
Olfactory regions

46
Q

What is connected by the posterior commissure?

A

Superior colliculi, pretectal, and interstitial nuclei

47
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Bundle of projection fibers between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally

48
Q

What are the five parts of the internal capsule?

A

Anterior limb
Posterior limb
Genu - bend
Retrolenticular
Sublenticular

49
Q

What is the main function of the internal capsule?

A

Interconnects cerebral cortex with brainstem and spinal cord

50
Q

What is the main arterial supply to the internal capsule?

A

Striate branches of MCA
Striate branches of ACA
Central branches of anterior choroidal A

51
Q

What are minor arterial contributions of the internal capsule?

A

Direct branches from ICA
Central branches of posterior communicating A
Posterolateral central branches of PCA

52
Q

What occurs with internal capsule lesion?

A

Contralateral hemiplegia - spastic

53
Q

What is a common artery that ruptures causing internal capsule damage?

A

Charcot’s a of cerebral hemorrhage

Neuropsych (20 decks)

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