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Physiology 1 > Senses and Perceptions 2 > Flashcards

Senses and Perceptions 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do afferent neurones begin and where do efferent neurones end?

A

afferent - skin, muscle
efferent - muscle

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2
Q

What is each nerve fibre encased by?

A

endoneurium

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3
Q

What is each fascicle encased by?

A

perineurium

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4
Q

What are groups of fascicles encased by?

A

epineurium

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5
Q

What are myelinated axons surrounded by?

A

myelin sheath from Schwann cells

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6
Q

What are characteristics of a-alpha fibres?

A

myelinated, large diameter, conducts very fast, sensory (proprioception) and motor information from skeletal muscles

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7
Q

What are characteristics of a-beta fibres?

A

myelinated, medium diameter, conducts fast, mechanoreceptors of skin

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8
Q

What are characteristics of a-delta?

A

myelinated, small diameter, conducts slowly, pain and temperature

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9
Q

What are characteristics of C axons?

A

non-myelinated, small diameter, conducts very slowly, pain, temperature, itch

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10
Q

What are the horns found in grey matter?

A

dorsal
intermediate
ventral

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11
Q

In what horns does motor and sensory innervation take place?

A

dorsal - sensory
ventral - motor

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12
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

areas of skin on your body that are innervated by specific regions of the spine.

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13
Q

What are myotomes?

A

muscles in the body are supplied by segments of the spinal cord and their corresponding spinal nerves.

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14
Q

What components of the trigeminal nerve are solely sensory?

A

ophthalmic
maxillary

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15
Q

What component of the trigeminal nerve has motor and sensory function?

A

mandibular

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16
Q

How many neurones is the sensory pathway composed of?

A

3 inter-connected neurones

17
Q

What do 1st (primary) order sensory neurones bring information from?

A

from periphery to spinal cord/brainstem

18
Q

What do 2nd (secondary) order sensory neurones bring information from?

A

from spinal cord/brainstem to thalamus

19
Q

Where do 3rd (tertiary) order sensory neurones bring information from?

A

thalamus to cerebral cortex

20
Q

Where does the sensory pathway direct?

A

to opposite side of the body

21
Q

What neurone usually cross the midline boundary?

A

2nd order

22
Q

Why is the sensory homunculus distorted?

A

Body regions with high sensory innervation (i.e. high density of receptor endings and small overlapping receptive fields) have greater cortical representation

23
Q

Describe the somatic mechanosensation Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway (body)

A

afferent 1st order nerve fibre travels from skin to dorsal horn to synapse with 2nd order nerve fibre at brainstem (oblongata medulla)
2nd order crosses over to reach 3rd order at thalamus
3rd order sends out to the somasensory cortex

24
Q

Describe the somatic mechanosensation Posterior (Dorsal) Trigeminothalamic Pathway (face)

A

trigeminal nerve 1st order synapses at brainstem nucleus (medulla)
2nd order neurone crosses over to the thalamus to connect to 3rd order
3rd order sends out to the somasensory cortex

25
Q

Describe the somatic nociception Spinothalamic Pathway (body)

A

afferent 1st order nerve synapses at the dorsal horn
2nd order crosses the midline to the thalamus
3rd order sends out to the somasensory cortex

26
Q

Describe the somatic nociception Anterior (Ventral) Trigeminothalamic Pathway (face)

A

trigeminal nerve 1st order synapses at spinal trigeminal nucleus of spinal cord
2nd order neurone crosses over to the thalamus to connect to 3rd order
3rd order sends out to the somasensory cortex

27
Q

What is sensation?

A

The process of sensing our environment (touch, taste, sight, smell) by activation of sensory pathways

28
Q

What is perception?

A

The interpretation of sensory input (interpretation of sensation)

29
Q

What is stereognosis?

A

The mental perception of objects referenced by touch via memory, texture, weight and size

30
Q

Where does stereognosis retrieve information and regulate activity?

A

hippocampus; basal ganglia; motor cortex

31
Q

What is Proprioception (Kinesthesia)?

A

the sense that lets us perceive the location, movement, and action of parts of the body.

32
Q

What sensations does the DCML pathway process?

A

fine touch, 2 point discrimination, proprioception

Physiology 1 (25 decks)

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