Senses and Perceptions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of a sensory neuron?

A

pseudo-unipolar

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2
Q

To understand tactile input, what do we need to know?

A

quality
magnitude
timing; duration
location

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3
Q

What must be considered to understand sensory mechanisms?

A

Type of receptor (whether it has any histological features)
Transduction of stimulus (how is the signal transmitted)
Stimulus properties (quality, duration, magnitude and location

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4
Q

What receptors transmit pain, temperature and touch?

A

nociceptor
thermoregulation
mechanoreceptor

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5
Q

What receptors transmit special senses such as vision, taste/smell?

A

photoreceptors
chemoreceptor

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6
Q

What are free nerve ending receptors usually associated with?

A

pain; nociceptor

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7
Q

What are examples of mechanoreceptors found in skin?

A

messiner’s corpuscle
merkel disc
hair follicule receptor
pacinian corpuscle
ruffini ending

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8
Q

What is the distribution of a nerve’s receptor endings coming from peripheral branches called?

A

receptive field

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9
Q

What does overlapping of receptive regions provide?

A

full body sensory coverage

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10
Q

Where are receptive fields small and where are they large?

A

small on the periphery (fingertips)
large on the central/ trunk

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11
Q

What is two-point discrimination concerning the same receptive field?

A

the sensation will be felt as one point as the same sensory neurone is being activated

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12
Q

What is the sequence of signal transduction?

A

stimulus applied
change in receptor membrane permeability
influx of cations
depolarisation
action potential

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13
Q

What are the two main types of receptor?

A

ionotropic (ligand-gated)
G-coupled

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14
Q

What receptors can be ionotropic?

A

mechanoreceptor
chemoreceptors

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15
Q

What receptors can be G-coupled?

A

chemoreceptors

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16
Q

What is the difference between ionotropic and G-coupled receptors?

A

G-coupled receptors induce membrane changes slower than ionotropic which induce them quickly

17
Q

Why are G-coupled receptors slower?

A

multiple pathways and proteins must be activated for signal to become transduced

18
Q

What is stimulus intensity determined by?

A

number of neurones activated
frequency of AP

19
Q

What is the stimulus duration determined by?

A

duration of AP firing

20
Q

How do slowly adapting axons respond to a stimulus?

A

AP frequency high at the start however began to tether

21
Q

How do rapidly adapting axons respond to a stimulus?

A

lots of AP at the start but none for the rest of duration

22
Q

What does each receptive field correspond to?

A

a cortical representation in the brain

23
Q

Which part of the body has largest sensory homunculus?

A

The areas of the body that have a higher density of sensory receptors (smaller receptive fields are the hands, face, and tongue.