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Physiology 1 > Respiration - Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Respiration - Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

Where does gas move?

A

from a high to low pressure

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2
Q

How do gases move across concentration gradients?

A

via diffusion

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3
Q

What is barometric pressure at sea level?

A

760mmHg

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4
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

the pressure an individual gas exerts within a mixture. The total pressure of a gas is the sum of all the partial pressures in the mixture.

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5
Q

How can the partial pressure be found?

A

fraction of gas in mixture x barometric pressure

Pgas = Fgas x Pb

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6
Q

What is the partial pressure of 21% of oxygen in air?

A

PO2 =0.21 x 760 = 159mmHg

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7
Q

What happens to air in airways?

A

becomes humidified and warmed with water vapour

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8
Q

What is water vapour partial pressure at body temperature?

A

47mmHg

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9
Q

How is the partial pressure of oxygen found in the trachea and what is it?

A

by subtracting the water vapour PP

in Trachea 760-47 (water vapour) therefore 150mmHg

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10
Q

What is the anatomic dead space?

A

conducting airways
- trachea, bronchi, non-respiratory bronchioles

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11
Q

What happens with each divisions of the respiratory tree?

A

increase in number
decrease in diameter
increase in surface area

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12
Q

What volume do the conducting airways hold?

A

150ml

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13
Q

What is a respiratory unit?

A

a gas exchange unit
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

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14
Q

How many alveolar sacs are present in adults?

A

300-400 million

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15
Q

What shape is an alveolar sac and what size is it’s diameter?

A

polygonal, 250 micrometers

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16
Q

What are the cells present in alveoli?

A

type 1 epithelia (pneumocytesl cells
type 2 epithelial (pneumocytes) cells
macrophages

17
Q

Describe type 1 epithelial cells

A

occupy 97% of surface area
primary site of gas exchange

18
Q

Describe type 2 epithelial (septal) cells

A

occupy 3% of surface area
produce pulmonary surfactant to reduce surface tension

19
Q

What makes alveoli perfect for gas exchange?

A

large surface area 100m2
thin walls 0.5 micrometers
good diffusion

20
Q

What are the types of circulation found in lungs?

A

pulmonary
systemic (bronchial)
lymphatic

21
Q

What is the total blood volume in pulmonary circulation?

A

500ml

22
Q

What is the difference in arteries of the pulmonary and systemic?

A

pulmonary has thinner walls
less resistance
higher compliance
larger diameter

23
Q

What is the distance between alveoli and red blood cells?

A

1-2 micrometres

24
Q

In a pulmonary capillary what are the values of exchange from alveolar air to venous blood?

A

PO2 100 > 40
PCO2 40 < 46

25
Q

In a systemic capillary what are the values of exchange from tissues to arterial blood?

A

PO2 <40 < 100
PCO2 >46 > 40

26
Q

Why is the pressure gradient for PO2 higher?

A

O2 is less diffusible than CO2

Physiology 1 (25 decks)

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