Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 1 > Kidney Structure > Flashcards

Kidney Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of our kidney’s?

A

Maintain our internal fluid homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which structure is the primary site of blood filtration?

A

Renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following is the primary force that drives glomerular filtration?

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What substance is typically measured to give an indication of the glomerular filtration rate?

A

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What diseases does oral health impact?

A

Cardiovascular disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Respiratory diseases
Diabetes
Kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two ways can oral health impact the rest of the body?

A

pathogens can disseminate from the mouth to the body
chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two roles of the kidney?

A

Process blood and rid the body of the waste products of metabolism via urine

Maintain internal homeostasis of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two components of blood affect B.P?

A

fluid
electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What other components in blood do the kidney’s maintain?

A

Acid/base
Calcium/vitamin D metabolism
Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

Lie behind peritoneal cavity (retroperitoneal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the kidney’s surrounded by?

A

fatty tissue called the renal fat pad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 parts of the kidney?

A

cortex, medulla, pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the cortex do?

A

contains 85% of all kidney tubules (nephrons).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

the site where urine is concentrated
prevents excessive water loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the pelvis do?

A

collection area for urine which is funnelled into the ureter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the kidney’s encased by?

A

fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What % of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the vessels of the kidneys?

A

afferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries (glomerulus) > efferent arterioles > peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference between cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons have very long loops of henle, which help concentrate urine and preserve water

Juxtamedullary - next to medulla

22
Q

What composes the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule

23
Q

What is the primary site of reabsorption and secretion?

A

Renal tubule

24
Q

What composes the renal tubule?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct

25
Q

What is the network of fine capillaries in the glomerulus surrounded by?

A

bowman’s capsule

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the capillaries?

A

Network of fine capillaries
Single layer of endothelial cells resting on a basement membrane
Fenestrated

27
Q

What feature in capillaries allows enables rapid filtration of blood plasma?

A

Fenestrated

28
Q

What shape is the bowman’s capsule?

A

cuplike

29
Q

What is the structure of the bowman’s capsule?

A

Two layers with a space in-between called the bowman’s space where filtered fluid is collected from the nephron

30
Q

What are the layers in bowman’s capsule?

A

Partial outer layer of simple squamous epithelium
Visceral inner layer of specialised epithelium (podcytes)

31
Q

What wraps around the glomerular capillaries?

A

The long branched processes (pedicels) of podocytes

32
Q

What forms the filtration barrier?

A

glomerular endothelium
basement membrane
pedicels

33
Q

What do pedicels share a basement membrane with?

A

fenestrated endothelium

34
Q

What can pass through the filtration barrier and what cannot?

A

Freely permeable to water and small molecules
NOT large proteins or cells

35
Q

Where does unfiltered blood arrive at?

A

glomerulus via the afferent arteriole

36
Q

Where does the filtered blood exit?

A

glomerulus via the efferent arteriole

37
Q

Where is there high pressure and what type of pressure is it?

A

High hydrostatic pressure in capillaries

38
Q

What are examples of waste products?

A

Urea and creatinine

39
Q

What substances are filtered?

A

Water
Glucose
Amino acids
Urea
Creatinine
Sodium
Chloride
Calcium
Phosphate
Potassium
Bicarbonate

40
Q

What substances cannot be filtered?

A

Cells
Large proteins (Haemoglobin)
Negatively charged proteins (albumin)

41
Q

What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

A

The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule

42
Q

What pressures counteract the glomerular hydrostatic pressure?

A

hydrostatic pressure in the bowman’s capsule
glomerular osmotic pressure

43
Q

What dictates the GFR?

A

sum of forces

44
Q

What factors influences the GFR?

A

Hydrostatic pressure
Osmotic pressure
Systemic blood pressure
Renin-angiotensin system
Disease

45
Q

What is the normal GFR per min?

A

125ml/min

46
Q

What disease reduces GFR?

A

CKD

47
Q

What does reduced GFR mean?

A

inefficient blood clearance and waste removal
waste products accumulate in blood

48
Q

What stage is CKD usually diagnosed at?

A

stage 3

49
Q

What % of water is reabsorbed?

A

99%

50
Q

What is an indicator of infection if found in urine?

A

proteins
RBCs and WBCs

Physiology 1 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions