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History > Semester 1 exam > Flashcards

Semester 1 exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Domestication

A

Adaptation and control of plants and animals

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2
Q

Monopoly

A

Exclusive control of trade, market, and industry

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3
Q

Paleo-Indians

A

People who crossed Beringia between Siberia and Alaska to become the first American

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4
Q

Beringia

A

Land bridge over which the first people to America are thought to have traveled during the last Ice Age

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5
Q

Kublai Khan

A

Leader who protected Asian trade routes and opened up China to world trade

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6
Q

Roman Empire

A

Civilization whose collapse led to the development of feudalism

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7
Q

Treaty of Todesillas

A

Established line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese territories

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8
Q

Moctezuma II

A

Aztec leader whose conquered land added territory and wealth to the Spanish American empire

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9
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella

A

Spanish monarchs who sponsored Columbus’s expedition

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10
Q

Peons

A

Landless laborers who worked on haciendas

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11
Q

John Smith

A

Leader who greatly contributed to Jamestown’s survival and prosperity

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12
Q

St. Augustine

A

Oldest city established by Europeans in what is now the United States

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13
Q

Freemen

A

Adult men who held voting rights based on status as church members and property owners

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14
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

Bloodless uprising that resulted in the crowning of a new king and queen of England whose royal power was limited

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15
Q

Fur trade

A

Profitable Native American activity that led to competition and conflicts among tribes

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16
Q

Iroquois League

A

Confederation of Native Americans, also known as the Six Nations

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17
Q

Abolitionists

A

People, such as the Quakers, who opposed slavery

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18
Q

Nathaniel Bacon

A

Led violent protest by poor farmers and laborers in Virginia over frontier land

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19
Q

Boston Massacre

A

Confrontation over enforcement of the Townshend Acts

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20
Q

Loyalists

A

Name for colonists who supported the British

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21
Q

Samual Adams

A

Colonial activist involved in the Sons of Liberty

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22
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

Sent to King George III as a last plea for peace

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23
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Document that asserted the right of people to overthrow an unjust government

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24
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Secret committees that protested taxation without representation

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25
Q

Tecumseh

A

Shawnee leader whose dream of a United Native American confederation ended at the Battle of Tippecanoe

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26
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system based on a free market and private ownership of property

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27
Q

Lewis and Clark expedition

A

Organized to map the Louisiana Territory and list its resources

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28
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Congressional measures aimed against Republicans and critics of the U.S. government

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29
Q

Impressment

A

Kidnapping of sailors from ships

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30
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Farmers’ protest of a federal tax

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31
Q

Gang Labor

A

Plantation system in which groups of slaves were assigned to do specialized jobs such as plowing or hoeing

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32
Q

Strike

A

Tactic used by workers to press for reforms

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33
Q

Labor unions

A

Organizations formed by factory workers to improve working conditions

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34
Q

Cotton

A

Agricultural product that dominated the economy of the Lower South

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35
Q

Nat Turner

A

Led slave uprisings that resulted in passage of stricter slave codes

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36
Q

Overseers

A

Plantation supervisors who managed the slaves

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37
Q

Californios

A

People driven from the goldfields by Anglos

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38
Q

Gold

A

Sought by forty-niners from all over the world

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39
Q

Native Americans

A

People who suffered many losses from diseases contracted from settlers

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40
Q

Mexican cession

A

Ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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41
Q

Texas Revolution

A

Conflict triggered by disputes over immigration, slavery, and state power

42
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Winding, often mountainous road traveled by settlers to the Far West

43
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A

Ruled that slavery could not be banned in the territories

44
Q

Henry Clay

A

Congressmen who proposed the Compromise of 1850

45
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Banned slavery in the Confederate regions only

46
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

General who led the Union army in a war of attrition

47
Q

War of attrition

A

General Ulysses S. Grant’s military tactics that wore down the Confederates through constant attack

48
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

Conflict that demonstrated the North’s ability to defeat the South

49
Q

Martin Delany

A

First African American promoted to rank of major

50
Q

First Battle of Bull Run

A

Battle that proved to both sides the the war would be a long one

51
Q

Sally Louisa Tompkins

A

Only recognized female officer in the Confederate services

52
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Secret terrorist group formed to prevent African Americans from voting

53
Q

Fifteenth Amendment

A

Guaranteed the right to vote cannot be denied because of race

54
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Legislation designed to enforce segregation

55
Q

Ida Wells-Barnett

A

Journalist who openly protested the lynching of African Americans

56
Q

Black codes

A

Restrictions that limited the freedom of African Americans and attempted to reestablish white control of black labor

57
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Elected President in 1868 because of African American vote

58
Q

The holy book of Islam is known as the

A

Qur’an

59
Q

Europeans sought a direct sea route to Asia because Muslim and Italian merchants controlled the trade and

A

Increased the cost of Asian goods

60
Q

Under the rule of Mongol leader Kublai Khan

A

Chinas isolation ended, mongols protected Asian trade routes and trade flourished, China became the largest empire in the world

61
Q

The voyage of Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama resulted in

A

Portuguese control of East-West Trade

62
Q

Similarities between Native American artifacts and those of other cultures have led many scholars to believe that early Native American cultures

A

Had significant contact with other world cultures

63
Q

The defeat of the Spanish Armada

A

Imposed a huge debt on Spain

64
Q

At Jamestown, the English were helped by

A

Wahunsonacock

65
Q

Originally seeking gold and other African natural resources, the Portuguese soon began to trade and profit from

A

The African slave trade

66
Q

Spanish settlements eventually extended from

A

Coast to coast in parts of North, Central, and South America

67
Q

One effect of Columbus’s voyage was

A

The exchange of people, ideas, plants, and animals, between the Americas and the rest of the world

68
Q

Bartolomé de Las Casas urged the Spanish Crown to enact laws to

A

End Spanish mistreatment of Native Americans

69
Q

Native Americans reacted to the expansion of tobacco farms by

A

Attacking many English Settlers

70
Q

The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a society based on

A

The Scriptures

71
Q

Most New England settlers during the 1600s made their living as

A

Farmers or artisans

72
Q

During the Middle Passage, disease and violence caused the death of many

A

African captives

73
Q

In protest against a law that attempted to save the British East India Company, colonists

A

Staged the Boston Tea Party

74
Q

The British government issued the Proclamation of 1763 to

A

Discourage colonial settlement in territory west of the Appellations

75
Q

What goal did the Revolution achieve?

A

Colonial independence and self government

76
Q

As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1783

A

Great Britain officially granted independence to the colonies

77
Q

The authors of the Declaration of Independence hoped to

A

Win public support for independence, undermine loyalty to King George, outline the principles of a representative government

78
Q

Puritans immigrated to North America to escape the religious conflicts and

A

Economic depression

79
Q

The Englishman who established a colony as a haven for Quakers and other differing beliefs was

A

William Penn

80
Q

Many enslaved Africans did not survive the Middle Passage across the Atlantic Ocean as a result of

A

Suffocation and disease, brutality, suicide

81
Q

What effect did the Battle of Saratoga have on the war?

A

It convinced some European powers to support the colonists

82
Q

Factory workers responded to lower wages and faster production by

A

Forming labor unions

83
Q

African Americans resisted slavery by doing all of the following

A

Trying to escape, slowing work pace, openly rebelling

84
Q

During President Jefferson’s first term in office, the Republican Congress

A

Did not enforce the Whiskey tax, did not increase military spending, did not expand the army and the navy

85
Q

The Battle of New Orleans was won by U.S. sharpshooters and artillery under the leadership of

A

Andrew Jackson

86
Q

The act of stirring up of discontent or Rebellion against a government is known as

A

Sedition

87
Q

The Republicans argued that it was the states’ right to declare a federal law or action unconstitutional in the

A

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

88
Q

In Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court ruled that

A

“Separate but equal” facilities did not violate the fourteenth amendment

89
Q

A strike consists of

A

A refusal to work until demands are met

90
Q

The First Congress accomplished

A

The passage of a Bill of Rights, the establishment of a federal court system, and the creation of three departments to assist the president

91
Q

What was the primary issue over which the War of 1812 was fought?

A

Long standing economic and territorial problems with Great Britain

92
Q

The doctrine of popular sovereignty argued that

A

Citizens of new territories could decide the slavery issue

93
Q

The Underground Railroad and its conductors

A

Helped slaves escape

94
Q

On April 9, 1865, General Ulysses S. Grant accepted the surrender of Confederate general

A

Robert E. Lee

95
Q

After the Civil War, the Sough experienced all of the following

A

Destruction to railroad lines and bridges, loss of homes and barns, spread of disease, especially in cities

96
Q

After the Civil War, African Americans increased their participation in politics to

A

Protect their rights

97
Q

In 1863 President Lincoln issued the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which

A

Offered a full pardon to southerners who swore allegiance to the U.S. Constitution and except federal laws on slavery

98
Q

Reconstruction legislatures helped make state governments more democratic by doing all of the following

A

Guaranteeing white and African American men the right to vote, eliminating property requirements for holders of public offices, abolishing property qualifications for jurors

99
Q

Northern Republicans’ commitment to Reconstruction lessened in part because

A

They faced economic issues caused by labor demands

100
Q

After Reconstructions, African Americans

A

We’re deprived of their rights and had few economic opportunities

History (13 decks)

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