Chapter 2 test

Question 1

Columbus’s main goal was

Answer 1

to find a more direct route to Asia

Question 2

Ferdinand and Isabella

Answer 2

Spanish monarchs who sponsored Columbus’s expedition

Question 3

Viceroy

Answer 3

Official representative of the king in Spanish America

Question 4

Under the encomienda system encomenderos were required to

Answer 4

instruct the Native Americans in the Catholic faith

Question 5

Bartolomé de Las Casas urged the Spanish Crown to

Answer 5

enact laws to end Spanish mistreatment of Native Americans

Question 6

Colombian exchange

Answer 6

transfer of people and goods between the Americans and Europe, Asia, and Africa following Columbus’s voyage

Question 7

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 7

Established line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese territories

Question 8

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 8

Portuguese explorer whose crew was the first to circumnavigate the world

Question 9

Juan Ponce de Leon

Answer 9

Spanish explorer who sought the “Fountain of Youth”

Question 10

Spanish explorers and conquistadors sought all the following

Answer 10

1. Material wealth, 2. Glory, 3. The spread of Christianity

Question 11

Moctezuma II

Answer 11

Aztec leader whose conquered land added territory and wealth to the Spanish American empire

Question 12

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 12

Spanish conqueror of the Incan Empire

Question 13

To free their leader

Answer 13

the Incas gave the Spanish a ransom of gold and silver

Question 14

The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs and Incas did all of the following

Answer 14

1. Greatly increase the size of the Spanish empire, 2. Enrich the Spanish American empire, 3. Lead to a mixing of cultures

Question 15

Native Americans responded to Spanish colonization by

Answer 15

1. Defending their lands and culture, 2. Fleeing to interior areas, 3. Negotiating a place for themselves in a new social order

Question 16

Native Americans developed ways to

Answer 16

ensure their survival in postconquest South America

Question 17

St. Augustine

Answer 17

Oldest city established by Europeans in what is now the United States

Question 18

Pueblos

Answer 18

Indians who fought against Spanish settlement in New Mexico

Question 19

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

Answer 19

Explored much of California coastline

Question 20

Spanish America

Answer 20

Large colonial empire that included settlements from North to South America

Question 21

Spanish settlements eventually extended from coast to coast in parts of

Answer 21

North, Central, and South America

Question 22

Missions established Spanish control over

Answer 22

labor and land

Question 23

Peons

Answer 23

landless laborers most of whom were Indians worked on haciendas

Question 24

Rancho

Answer 24

Small farm or ranch established by the Spanish government

Question 25

Spanish American life reflected

Answer 25

Spain’s government and culture

Question 26

Juan Inés de la Cruz was

Answer 26

the 17th century Mexican poet who sought an education

Question 27

Jacques Cartier

Answer 27

Explored Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River

Question 28

Protestant Reformation

Answer 28

European religious upheaval that delayed colonization of the Americas

Question 29

The defeat of the Spanish Armada

Answer 29

imposed a huge debt on Spain

Question 30

England gained power in the Americas with

Answer 30

the defeat of the Spanish Armada

Question 31

Charter of 1606

Answer 31

Royal grant permitting organization of Virginia settlements

Question 32

Joint stock companies

Answer 32

Organizations involved in Great Britain’s settling of its American colonies

Question 33

English colonization methods differed from Spanish methods because

Answer 33

the English government played and indirect role

Question 34

John Smith

Answer 34

Leader who greatly contributed to Jamestown’s survival and prosperity

Question 35

At Jamestown

Answer 35

the English were helped by Wahunsonacock

Question 36

Powhatans

Answer 36

Native Americans who helped the Jamestown community survive and prosper

Question 37

Native Americans reacted to the expansion of tobacco farm by

Answer 37

attacking many English settlers

Question 38

Conflicts erupted over tobacco cultivation because

Answer 38

the colonists planted tobacco on Indian hunting grounds