Chapter 15&16 test

Question 1

The “second Industrial Revolution” began with the

Answer 1

Development of a faster, less expensive process for producing steel

Question 2

Railroad expansion did all of the following

Answer 2

1. Cause the growth of other industries
2. Provide jobs
3. Strengthen national markets

Question 3

As the 20th century began

Answer 3

Americans were using two new energy sources: electricity and oil

Question 4

Laissez-faire capitalism

Answer 4

Theory that calls for no government regulation of economic matters

Question 5

To manage large industries and raise vast amounts of capital

Answer 5

Business leaders organized corporations

Question 6

Trust

Answer 6

Group of companies controlled by one board of directors

Question 7

Economies of scale

Answer 7

Business principle in which buying supplies and producing goods in bulk lowers the production costs and increases profits

Question 8

Vertical integration

Answer 8

Business method used to control costs by acquiring companies, such as mines and railroads, that provide materials and services for a manufacturing enterprise

Question 9

Horizontal integration

Answer 9

Business method used to control many companies involved in one stage of manufacturing, such as oil refining

Question 10

Business people such as Marshall Field, R.H. Macy, and John Wanamaker

Answer 10

Pioneered department stores

Question 11

Unlike the old immigrants

Answer 11

The majority of new immigrants were Eastern Europeans and Italians

Question 12

Ethnic neighborhoods and foreign language newspapers affected immigrants by

Answer 12

Aiding adjustment to Americans life

Question 13

Immigration Restriction League

Answer 13

Proposed mandatory literacy test

Question 14

Mass transit

Answer 14

Development that encouraged suburban growth

Question 15

The following three statements are true of urban dwellers in the late 1800’s

Answer 15

1. Most married middle class women worked at home
2. Some wealthy people supported philanthropy
3. The new rich made their money in the industry

Question 16

Tenement houses

Answer 16

Housing in which many new immigrants resided

Question 17

Settlement houses

Answer 17

Centers that provided social services for the urban poor

Question 18

Churches and institutions that provided job training, counseling, and other services exemplified

Answer 18

The Social Gospel

Question 19

Public education

Answer 19

Helped attain a 90 percent literacy rate for Americans by 1900

Question 20

The new urban culture that formed toward the end of the 19th century included the following

Answer 20

1. Newspaper and comic strips and popular fiction
2. Vaudeville and theater
3. Boxing and baseball

Question 21

Critics thought that the corruption plaguing Grant’s administration was caused largely by

Answer 21

The spoils system

Question 22

Stalwarts

Answer 22

Republicans who strongly defended the patronage system

Question 23

Chester Arthur

Answer 23

President who helped gain passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act

Question 24

The Pendleton Civil Service Act applied to

Answer 24

Roughly 10 percent of federal jobs

Question 25

Republicans

Answer 25

Politicians during Benjamin Harrison’s presidency who installed supporters in almost all jobs not on the civil service list

Question 26

The 1890 Congress was called the Billion Dollar Congress because

Answer 26

It spent money freely for government pensions and other pet projects

Question 27

African Americans

Answer 27

Workers who were confined to the most dangerous factory jobs

Question 28

Most industrial laborers, working life was characterized by

Answer 28

1. Low wages
2. Long hours
3. Few benefits

Question 29

Mother Jones

Answer 29

Union organizer for the Knights of Labor

Question 30

Yellow dog contract

Answer 30

Pledge by a worker not to join a Union

Question 31

American Federation of Labor

Answer 31

Established in 1886 by Samuel Gompers to organize skilled workers

Question 32

The Government reacted during the violent strikes of the 1890’s by

Answer 32

Siding with big business against unions

Question 33

The major problems farmers in the late 1800’s were

Answer 33

Low farm prices and high farm costs

Question 34

National Grange

Answer 34

Organization whose work eventually led to the formation of the Interstate Commerce Commission

Question 35

Bland Allison Act

Answer 35

Required the government to buy silver each month to mint into coins

Question 36

The Populist party called for

Answer 36

A graduated income tax, a shorter workday, government ownership of railroads and free coinage of silver

Question 37

The election of William McKinley led to

Answer 37

The decline of the Populist Party

Question 38

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 38

Lost the 1896 presidential election despite the support of the Populist Party