Chapter 1 test

Question 1

Beringia

Answer 1

Land bridge over which the first people to America are thought to have traveled during the ice age

Question 2

Paleo-Indians

Answer 2

People who crossed Beringia between Siberia and Alaska to become the first Americans

Question 3

Paleo-Indians adjusted to the extinction of big game by

Answer 3

Developing new hunting and food gathering skills

Question 4

Domestication

Answer 4

Adaptation and control of plants and animals

Question 5

The Agricultural Revolution

Answer 5

Shift from hunting and gathering to domestication of plants and animals

Question 6

Cultural diffusion

Answer 6

The spread of practices or beliefs from one group to another

Question 7

The results of the Agricultural Revolution

Answer 7

1. The development of social classes. 2. The rise of cities. 3. A division of labor

Question 8

The South American Incas and the Mesoamerican Aztecs both built empires

Answer 8

Established through conquests

Question 9

Early Native American diets, types of housing, and social structures in North America varied

Answer 9

because the environment affected North American cultures in various ways

Question 10

Similarities between Native American artifacts and those of other cultures have led many scholars to believe

Answer 10

that early Native American cultures had significant contact with other world cultures

Question 11

The Roman Empire

Answer 11

Civilization whose collapse led to the development of feudalism

Question 12

Feudalism

Answer 12

Medieval system in which nobles pledged military assistance and loyalty in exchange for land and protection

Question 13

Feudalism

Answer 13

Rigid social and economic system that arose in response to the collapse of Rome and continual threats

Question 14

Manor

Answer 14

Self-sufficient estate including house, pastures, fields, and village

Question 15

Serfs

Answer 15

Men and women bound to the land by their labor

Question 16

Feudalism declined because

Answer 16

of new farming technology, the rise of medieval towns, and the growth of trade

Question 17

Crusades

Answer 17

Series of wars fought for control of the Holy Land

Question 18

The growth of trade after the Crusades

Answer 18

gave rise to the middle class and the introduction of the representative government

Question 19

The Renaissance began for all of the following reasons

Answer 19

1. Expansion of trade, 2. A thirst for knowledge, 3. The invention of the printing press

Question 20

The Renaissance did three things

Answer 20

1. Influenced trade with Islamic world, 2. Printing press helped spark the Renaissance, 3. A rebirth of European art and learning

Question 21

National Monarchy

Answer 21

Governments formed from feudal kingdoms, independent communities, and church controlled lands

Question 22

National Monarchy

Answer 22

Form of government created during the Middle Ages through warfare and royal marriages

Question 23

Muslims

Answer 23

Soldiers and merchants who spread Islam throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe during the Middle Ages

Question 24

Islam

Answer 24

Spread across Asia, Africa, and Europe by Muslim soldiers and traders

Question 25

The holy book of Islam is known as

Answer 25

The Qur’an

Question 26

Kublai Khan

Answer 26

Leader who protected Asian trade routes and opened up China to world trade

Question 27

Under the rule of Mongol leader Kublai Khan

Answer 27

1. China’s isolation ended, 2. Mongols protected Asian trade routes and trade flourished, 3. China became the largest empire in the world

Question 28

East Africa

Answer 28

Region in which a succession of city-states prospered from Asian trade

Question 29

City-states

Answer 29

Wealthy East African governments that profited from Asian trade

Question 30

West African kingdoms such as Mali and later Songhay, prospered

Answer 30

because they controlled major north-south trade routes

Question 31

West Africa

Answer 31

Region from which one gold-rich kingdom after another controlled important north-south trade routes

Question 32

Monopoly

Answer 32

Exclusive control of trade, market, and industry

Question 33

The Europeans’ most promising solution to Muslim-Italian trade control was

Answer 33

an all-sea route to the East

Question 34

Europeans sought a direct sea route to Asia because

Answer 34

Muslim and Italian merchants controlled the trade and increased the cost of Asian goods

Question 35

Originally seeking gold and other African natural resources, the Portuguese soon began

Answer 35

to trade and profit from the African slave trade

Question 36

The voyages of Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama resulted in

Answer 36

Portuguese control of East-West trade