Chapter 12 test Flashcards
Fort Sumter
Site of the conflict that started the Civil War and forced border states to choose sides
Robert Anderson
Surrendered Fort Sumter to Confederate forces
Fort Sumter
Union army post that fell to the Confederacy, prompting Lincoln to declare the existence of a rebellion
Conscription
Military draft first enacted by the Confederacy
Most Civil War Soldiers were
Poor farmers or laborers
These two following groups were least represented among Civil War Troops
- Planters
- Businesspeople
Women contributed to the war effort by doing all of the following
- Serving as spies
- Working in offices and factories
- Tending to sick and wounded soldiers
Nuns of the battlefield were nurses who treated
All war victims, regardless of allegiance
Elizabeth Blackwell
America’s first professionally licensed female doctor
Sally Louisa Tompkins
Only recognized female officer in the Confederate services
First Battle of Bull Run
Battle that proved to both sides that the war would be a long one
Northern military strategies included
- Capturing Richmond
- Controlling the Mississippi River
- Establishing a naval blockade of the South
The primary southern war strategy included
Capturing Washington D.C.
Troops faced many hardships including
- Battle wounds and diseases
- Lack of supplies
- Loneliness and homesickness
Hardships faced by both Union and Confederate troops included all of the following
- Unsanitary conditions
- Malnutrition
- Lack of any medical attention
Copperheads were
Northern Democrats who sympathized with the south
Some northerners opposed the war for the following reasons
- Concerns over costs in money and human life
- Fears of losing jobs to former slaves
- Sympathy for the south
Jeb Stuart
Commander of Calvary unit whose information- Gathering helped Confederate troops win the Seven Days’ campaign
Union forces failed to capture Richmond during the peninsula Campaign because of the
Hesitation of George B. McClellan
Antietam
Battle site of a Union victory in the East that boosted northern confidence and morale
Three following things were results because the Battle of Antietam
- Failed southern hopes for winning European allies
- Improved Union morale
- Northern realization that General Robert E. Lee could be defeated
Chancellorsville
Battle site of disastrous defeat for General Hooker and the Union army
The battle of Chancellorsville led to
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s death
Battle of Gettysburg
Conflict that demonstrated the North’s ability to defeat the South
David Farragut
Union naval officer and who captured New Orleans
Mississippi River
Controlled by the North after New Orleans and Vicksburg were captured
Union troops gained control of the Mississippi River after
The battle of Vicksburg
Hoping to weaken the southern economy
The North enlarged its war aims to include freeing the slaves
Emancipation Proclamation
Banned slavery in the Confederate regions only
Martin Delany
First African American promoted to rank of major
The 54th Massachusetts Infantry was the first
African American regiment to play a key role in a battle
War of attrition
General Ulysses S. Grant’s military tactics that wore down the Confederates through constant attack
Ulysses S. Grant
General who led the Union army in a war of attrition, attacking again and again until the South ran out of men and supplies
William Tecumseh Sherman
Union general who believed in fighting a total war, which meant destroying the South’s economy as well as defeating its army
Atlanta
City burned to cut Confederate railroad access across the Appalachians
Total War
General William Tecumseh Sherman’s tactics that called for the destruction of Confederate military and economic resources
The Confederate officers who surrendered to generals Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman were
Robert E. Lee and Joseph E. Johnston
April 9, 1865
General Grant accepted the surrender of Robert E. Lee
