Chapter 6 test Flashcards
Judiciary Act of 1789
Created a federal court system
Congress also created three departments to assist the president
- State department to handle foreign affairs, 2. War Department to manage military affairs, 3. Treasury Department to oversee the nation’s finances
Capitalism
Economic system based on a free market and private ownership of property
To finance the Revolutionary War
The Continental Congress had sold government bonds
Alexander Hamilton proposed strengthening the nation’s finances by
Setting up a national bank with branches
Loose construction
Belief that the government can do anything that is not strictly forbidden by the Constitution
Hamilton’s financial programs were considered unfair at the time by
Western farmers
Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers protest of a federal tax
Impressment
Kidnapping of sailors from American ships
Treaty of Greenville
Gave Native American land to the United States following the confederations defeat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Pinckney’s Treaty
Gave Americans the right of deposit at New Orleans and set the U.S. Southern Boundary at the 31st parallel
Important results of both Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty included
gaining economic advantages
Sectionalism
Regional loyalty that led to the growth of the two-party political system
Two Party System
Developed as a result of sectionalism and rivalry between Federalists and Republicans
The following were causes of tension between the United States and France in the 1790s
- The XYZ affair, 2. U.S. neutrality, 3. Jay’s Treaty
Alien and Sedition Acts
Congressional measures aimed against Republicans and critics of the U.S. government
The act of stirring up of discontent or rebellion against a government is known as
sedition
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Argued for state’s right to decide constitutionality of a federal law
The Republicans argued that it was the state’s rights to
declare a federal law or action unconstitutional in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Judicial review
Principle initiated by John Marshall that helped shape the U.S. legal system
Judicial Review is the right of the Supreme Court to
declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
John Marshall
Chief Justice who established the principle of Judicial Review
During President Jefferson’s first term in office, the Republican Congress
- Did not enforce the Whiskey Tax, 2. Did not increase military spending, 3. Did not expand the army and the navy
In the early 1800s the U.S. Government strengthened its naval force and limited foreign trade in response to
harassment of U.S. ships by foreign countries
Toussant L’Overture
Former slave who led a rebellion against French control in the West Indies
The Louisiana Purchase resulted in
U.S. control of the Mississippi River
Lewis and Clark expedition
Organized to map the Louisiana Territory and list its resources
Zebulon Pike
Explorer who helped map the Louisiana Territory
The Louisiana Purchase increased the U.S. prestige and shaped national identity
but it had negative consequences for Native Americans and African Americans
Non-Intercourse Act
Prohibited U.S. trade with Great Britain and France
Tecumseh
Shawnee leader whose dream of united Native American confederation ended at the Battle of Tippecanoe
Tecumseh
Native American leader who sought a military alliance among the Indian nations
Battle of Thames
Broke British hold on Northwest Territory
The Battle of New Orleans was won by U.S. sharpshooters and artillery
under the leadership of Andrew Jackson
The primary issue over which the War of 1812 was fought
long-standing economic and territorial problems with Great Britain
The War of 1812 resulted in all of the following
- Guarantee of U.S. control over the Northwest Territory, 2. Forging a new alliance with Great Britain, 3. Restoration of prewar territorial boundaries
During the 1790’s and early 1800’s as the country established itself as an independent, democratic nation
the United States had strained diplomatic relations with other countries
