Chapter 27 test Flashcards
Douglas MacArthur
Supreme Commander and head of the U.S. forces that helped administer Japan after the war
Zaibatsu
Huge, family-run corporations that were broken up during the U.S. occupation of Japan
The Nuremberg trials established the principle that
Individuals can be held responsible for their wartime conduct
Nuremberg
Site of trials holding individuals responsible for war crimes
Klaus Barbie
Butcher of Lyons who fled to Latin America to avoid prosecution
The United Nations was created to
Promote international peace
Trygve Lie
First secretary general of the United Nations
The G.I. Bill of Rights, passed in 1944 provided
Financial assistance to returning veterans
Veterans were encouraged to
Attend college, but homes, and start business under the G.I. Bill of Rights
All of the following were true of the postwar American economy
- High prices
- Increased production
- Heavy consumer spending
After World War II one of the greatest economic problems affecting the United States was
Inflation
Taft Hartley Act
Passed by Congress in 1947 to limit union activities
The Committee of Civil Rights set up to examine racism and violence included
Sadie Alexander
Racial discrimination in the military was banned when
African Americans threatened civil disobedience
The Dixiecrats, a group of Southern Democrats who supported racial segregation, were led by
Strom Thurmond
In 1948 a major issue dividing the Democratic Party was
Civil rights
Fair Deal
Truman’s program for domestic reform
Cold War
U.S. Soviet conflict fueled in part by mutual distrust and conflicting political systems
The Cold War grew out of
- Fear of Soviet expansion
- Economic conflicts between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
- Mutual fear and distrust
Satellite nations
Countries in Eastern Europe under the Soviet control
Winston Churchill coined the term Iron Curtain to refer to
The growing division between Western and Eastern Europe
George Keenan
State Department official who developed doctrine that aimed to restrict Soviet expansion
Atomic Energy Act
Placed Atomic Energy Commission under civilian control
The U.S. policy of helping nations resist conquest by other countries was known as
The Truman Doctrine
Providing Europe with financial aid to combat the spread of communism as part of
The Marshall Plan
National Security Council
Advises the president on strategic matters
Investigations by the House Committee on Un-American Activities resulted in
The black listing of the Hollywood ten
The Internal Security Act
Required members of get U.S. Communist Party to register with the government
The Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe led the U.S. to adopt a policy of
Containment
Zionism
Movement calling for Jewish homeland in Palestine
David Ben-Gurion
Zionist activists who became the first prime minister in Israel
Ralph Bunche
First African American to win a Nobel Peace Prize
The Arab-Israeli War led to
- Egyptian control of the Gaza Strip
- A divided Jerusalem
- Increases in Israeli-held territory
Long March
Led to establishment of strong northern base for Chinese Communists
In 1949 the Nationalist Party retreated to Taiwan
Leaving China under the control of Mao Zedong
38th parallel
Border between North Korea and South Korea
Kim II Sung
As leader of North Korea, limited freedom of speech but expanded education and women’s rights
Dean Acheson
Defined America’s defensive perimeter against spread of communism in Asia
The Korean War began when
North Korea invaded South Korea
During the Korean War
- Douglas MacArthur was removed from his post
- China supported North Korea
- UN Secretary Council called for support for South Korea
