self Flashcards
the self
is a cognitive (mental representation) and social construction(interaction and experiences with others)
self concept
what u belive yourself to be
self-concept:infacy
-18 months: pass rouge test- they touch their own forhead
-2 years:
* recognize self in pictures
* label self using own name/me/mine
* use categories lebel for self(ex:girl)
Self-concept:early childhood
3-6 years old
- can describe the self
- focus on concrete,observable features(ex:im a blond)
- unrealistic positive(egocentric): i’m really good at basketball (but looses all their games)
self-concept:middle childhood
- 6-11 years old
- more integrated;begin to refer to global characteristics(internal) ex:’‘i’m creative’’#
- more realistic and balanced(not as opitamistic)
- linked to actual competence and evaluation
social comparisons which probably has to do with the more realistic self-concept
- linked to actual competence and evaluation
self-concept: adolescense
- 11-19 years old
- nuanced view of self
- understand role of situations,context,and perspective
- more abstract and psychological(more internal: ‘‘im self-contious)#
- begin to think about the future;possible selves (ex:im gonna be a teacher)
- begin to develop coherent/integreated self
adolescence
* false self behaviour:intentionally presents a false impression to others(explicit)
ex:act/say im cofident when im actually deeply self-countious
- personal fable: belif that one’s own experience is unique and novel
ex:’‘mom you just don’t understand what i’m going through!’’
- Imaginery audience:the belif that everyone else is focused on you
ex: everyone is looking at my pimple, i cant go back to school now!)
influences on self-concept
- age
- cognitive development
- parents:
- warmth and support better self concept
- family narrative(stories that they tell you have a role in how you see yourself
- peers
* reputation
* how people see you - culture
- individualistic vs collectivist
individualistic cultures
usually describes themselfs more in private trades
ex:i’m smart
collectivist culture
describes themselves more with public descriptions
-comes from public view(friends,family)
ex:i’m my moms daugher
-less abstract
ex:i go to church/i’m good at math
self-esteem
how u evaluate yourself
self esteem
- starts very high,declines through childhood
- mixed findings during adolescence
-individual differences? are probably the cause of this
individual differences(influences on self-esteem)
- gender:
- girls decline
- boys increse
- race:
- Black youth have better self esteem
- asian americans the lowest
*approval of others(parents,peers,teachers)
- societal standards
-pshysical attractiveness(big deal): physical attraction seems to impact overall self-esteem
-media - culture
-collective:lower self esteem(based in the role of your community)
-individual:higher self esteem
-maybe due to different meaning of self esteem
intersectionality between these things
Impact of self-esteem
- High self-esteem > better in
school, better well-being - Low self-esteem > emotional
and behavioural problems
Self-Esteem Movement
programs designed to boost
self-esteem in order to boost
academic performance
-Not effective!
Maybe:
Self-esteem > academic
success?
…or…
Academic success >
self-esteem?
Or, it’s complicated!
identity
across situations, while self-concept is more depending of the situation
- who am i ?
- A description or definition of
the self; a theory of oneself
The extent to which
individuals feel secure
about who they are, who
they were, who they can
become
parts of an identity
- Religious identity
- Sexual identity
- Ethnic identity
- Political identity
- Occupational identity
- Gender identity
Erikson:** adolescence **a crisis of identity vs role confusion
time for Psychosocial Moratorium: time in which individuals are free
from excessive obligations and can experiment with different
roles
ex:university
James Marcia:Identity Statues
need to consider both exploration
and commitment
- identity diffisuion:dont know who you are but havent explored yet(common in early idolescent)
* Identity foreclosure:have commitment to an a identity but havent explore yet(common in early idolescent)
* Moratrium: explores but havent commited to an identity
* Identity achievement:have explored in the past and commited to one
identity diffusion
ex:i dont know who i am or what i want
- Associated with higher levels of behavioural and emotional
problems, difficulties with relationships - More likely to report low levels of parental warmth/support
- is bad if it perssists
Identity foreclosure
ex:i know i will be a doctor, my mom told me so!
- Tend to show low anxiety and general life satisfaction
- with higher levels of prejudice, inflexibility, need for
social approval, lower sense of autonomy
(you go along to what people told you to be) - More common with controlling or overly protective parents
Moratorium
ex: i’m serching for who i am!
- Can be associated with high levels of anxiety, conflict with authority
- Correlates may depend on the length of exploration, and amount of
rumination about exploration
- Correlates may depend on the length of exploration, and amount of
Identity achievement
ex:i explored for a little while, now i know who i am
- Associated with high achievement, maturity, intimacy
- **Agency **> a sense of control and responsibility for one’d own
actions
is common to move back and forth between these statues!
