Gender 1

Question 1

Gender roles

Answer 1

societal expectations of gendered behaviour/thought,traits

Question 2

sex

Answer 2

assigmened at birth:based on obsejctively mesuarable biological organs,hormones,chromosones

ex:male,female,intersex

Question 3

Gender identity

Answer 3

person’s sense of self as gendered

ex:man,women,genderqueer,non-binary

Question 4

gender expression

Answer 4

how a person demostrate their gender

ex:feminine ,masculine

Question 5

sexual orientation

Answer 5

who a person is physically/emotionally attracted to

Question 6

how does our thinking about gender develop?

Question 7

infacy/toddlerhood

Answer 7

• infancy = birth to 3years old
• can discriminate between male and female
  • focused on superficial cues
    * ex: they have long hair, it is a girl!

(around 1 2/3 to 2)
* they become aware of gender-stereotypes
* looks longer at own-gender steryotype toys
* look longer at gender-incossistent pictures
* probably because is familiar or not familiar to them

Question 8

childhood

Answer 8

• Changes in cognitive development > shifts in thinking about gender
• shift from gender essentialism to thinking of gender as socially influenced

they do a study where it ask its participants that if a girl goes to live with only boys will she act like one ?

 -**until age 9 **: she will still wear dresses, use dolls, she will not play sports

 -**9 to later:** she will act more mainly: she will play sports

• increase in knowledge of gender stereotypes
  • peak of rigid application of steryotypes at 5-7years and then it declines

Question 9

Three stages of gender understanding:

Answer 9

1. Gender Identity (2-2.5 years old)
   - kids start to identify their own gender and other peoples gender
   
   • understand gender stereotypes:cloths ,toys, behaviour?
2. Gender Stability (3-4 years old)
   
   • understand that gender is stable across time
   • boys will become men,girls will become women (ex: boys will not become women)
3. Gender constintancy(5-7 years old)
   
   • understand that gender is internal and even if it changes its aperence they are still a man
   • ex:man wears a skirt? is it still a man ? yes!
     vs a 4 years old would say no!
   • same age as they pass concervetion test(in piaget thoery!)

Question 10

Adolescence

Answer 10

• Gender-role intesefection:
  
  • highetend concern about adhering to traditional gender roles
  • May be more in behaviour,more common in early/middle adolescence
• Gender-role flexibily:
  
  • allowing for traditional gender convetions to be transcended
• may be more in* belifs*, more common in later adolescence

how can this be true?

Question 11

Gender/sex differences:Physical

more similarties than diferences

Answer 11

• infacy/childhood: fewer physical differences based on sex assigned at birth
• puberty:
  
  • we can see big difference between boys and girls
  • Development of primary sex characteristics, which results in hormone changes that enable reproduction
  • Development of secondary sex characteristics (breasts, genitals, pubic/facial/body hair)
  • Following puberty, increase in sex-linked
    differences:
• Boys > greater physical strength & speed

Question 12

GENDER/SEX DIFFERENCES:
COGNITIVE

Answer 12

• IQ tests
  
  • Girls > slightly better at verbal
    tasks
  • Boys > slightly better at spatial
    tasks
• Academic performance
  * Girls > slightly better grades/school performance
  
  • Beliefs/interests