languague and communication

Question 1

linguistic competence

Answer 1

baing able to use and understand languague form(sounds,words,structures(

Question 2

communicative competence

Answer 2

being able to use and understand languague to effectively communicate,across context and for different purpose

Question 3

what make something competence and what does not?

Question 4

conservations

Answer 4

-turn taking

-taking related turns(
Poor in early childhood, but steadily improves

• Repairing miscommunication
• Young children (1-3 years) initially tend to
  repeat failed communication
• Older children (3-5 years) are more likely to
  repair failed communication
• Throughout development, increase in
  feedback to verbal and non-verbal feedback

Question 5

language adaption

Answer 5

-we adapt our languague when speaking to different individuals and when in different situations
* As young as 4, children will adjust their language to younger vs older children, to children vs adults
*** Registers: **styles/tones of language associated with particular
settings/roles
* Even young children seem to adapt their registers while playing!

Question 6

languague adaption

Answer 6

-dialect:forms of languague that vary with regions or groups of people

-Example: Canadian English, AustralianEnglish,
British English.
( All equally good, and “accurate” forms of
language!)

-AEE(african american english)

• Young children show ability to code-switch, and
  adjust dialect for the context

-Use by Black children appears to decrease once
beginning formal schooling > correlated with academic success

Question 7

Bilingualism

Answer 7

-50% of the world’s population and 20% of canadians

-simultaneous/crib bilingual: learning 2 languagues from birth(musk)

-Sequential billingual : learn 1 languague first, then a second languague (me!)

Question 8

is hard to study bilinguals

Answer 8

because families who are bilingual, have usually hiegher ststues (in canada) then monolingual

Question 9

bilingual communication

Answer 9

-code-switching/code-mixing
ex: eu amo ir para beach
-by 2-4 years,bilingual children appear to appropriately apply languagues based on their conversational partner

-Conservations
-some evidence that bilingual children are better able to detect conservational violations
(doll conservation study)

Question 10

is bilingualism good or bad?

Answer 10

in the In the 1920s-1950s,
studies presented
bilingual individuals as
scoring lower on
IQ/cognitive
assessments(mainly due to differenses in social economics)

In 1962, a hallmark
study (Peal & Lambert)
more evenly matched
bilingual & monolingual
samples, and found
that bilingual children
were greater in
cognitive abilities

Question 11

cognitive adavantage

Answer 11

-perspective taking/taking the point of view of others

-executive function> planning and managing cognitive abilities(task-switching)

-bilingual is not associated with an adventage for everthing(IQ)

Question 12

language and communication:beyond speech

Answer 12

-signed languagues:
-share the same
properties of languague
(phonemes,syntax)

• children exposed to signed languague>similar patterns acquisition to spoken langaugue (babling/using hands in the same age as children that can speak do)

Question 13

sign languague vs gesture

Answer 13

sign languague has rules while gestures dont

Question 14

gestures

Answer 14

-pointing is the first gesture(it start )

• gestures are window into what children know(# of gestures predicts vocabulary

-gestures-speech mismaches
-reflects verge of
learning> children who
produce mismaches
benefit most from
instruction on that task

Question 15

gestures change though

Answer 15

-can help lighen the load in difficult tasks>when children gesture during learning,they remenber more
ex:math

Question 16

the impact of gesture vs
physical action(Why does gesture promote
learning?)

Answer 16

Taught children to use physical
action, concrete gesture, or abstract gesture

Examined the effect on learning, and on generalization

does it help learning? in other problems?

Question 17

result

Answer 17

the problems they are trained on : all the ways (concrete gesture,pshysical action,abstract gestures)were as good

the new one: abstract gestures did better/generalization