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psych 315 > family > Flashcards

family Flashcards

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1
Q

family

A
  • promotes survival(food,shelter,health)
  • provide support:emotional,financial
  • socialization: the process through which children acquire the values,standards,knowledge,and behaviours seen as appropiate for their role in their culture
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2
Q

family influneces on a child

A
  • parent relations
  • sibling relation
  • parent 1-child relation
  • parent 2-child relations
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3
Q

aspects of pareneting

A

* warmth/support/ acceptance/responsivness:
physical or emotional

  • control/demandigness
    • behavioural control
    • psychological control

* Discipline
* reinforcement and punishment
* physical punishment(spanking) negative outcomes in children. ex:agression/anti-social behaviour,mental health problems through adulthood
* power assertionex;dont get to eat dinner.lnegative outcomes

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4
Q

Discipline(that leads negative outcomes)

A
  • reinforcement and punishment
    ex: physical punishment(spanking) negative outcomes in childrenleads to : agression/anti-social behaviour,mental health problems through adulthood
    • power assertion
      ex: dont get to eat dinner.lnegative outcomes
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5
Q

Discipline that leads to good outcomes

A
  • Indective dicipline
    teaches and explain to the child what they did wrong, why is it wrong and the consequences of it/how it impacts others

ex: you should’t hit larissa because it will hurt her and she will be upset, just like you would’t want to be hurt by someone else.

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6
Q

parenting styles

A
  • authoritarian: high control,low warmth
  • authoritative(love):high control,high warmth
  • permissive:low control,high warmth
  • uninvolved parents: low control,low warmth

it can shift overtime,it can shift between child

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7
Q

parenting styles outcomes

A
  • authoritative parenting seems to have the best outcomess
  • univolved/negigect parenting seems to have the worst outcomes

in north america

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8
Q

parents relation between parents

how it influences the child

A
  • conflict leads to poorer outcomes
  • children who have good qualitive parenting but has a lot of conflict between parents do better than children who have bad qualitive parenting that dont have a lot of conflict between parents(parenting is more important then conflict)
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9
Q

divorce

A
  • associated with incresed problems in children:behavioural,social,academic

why?
* parent conflict
* stress(for the child and for the parent)
* diminished parenting
* economic challanges
* social changes:move to a new place with new pwople
* abscence of a parent
* relocating
* a lot of changes happens all in one

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10
Q

divorce vs conflict

A
  • in parents who fight all the time is better for the children for them to get divorce( less psychological distress,more happiness)
  • in parents who dont have a lot of conflict and get divorced, those kids are doing less well (more distress,less happiness)
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11
Q

divorce as a process

A
  • pre-divorce differences: is already shown in kids before the actual divorce
  • short-term effects: are the worst
  • long-term effects: go away or reduced,more likely to get divorced themselves
  • divorce as a process not as a moment,not like a one time thing
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12
Q

Same sex/gender parents

A
  • no difference in adjustment,personallity,achivement,sexual orientation
  • children from queer families report feeling different and subjected to social slights > but feel positively about their families
  • but,reserch criticized for being focused on small,non-representative samples
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13
Q

parenting quality>outcomes

regardless of gender

A
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14
Q

Sibling Relationships

A
  • shapped by parents and parent-child relationships
  • very distict social relationship:
    • typically neither vertical or horizontal power structures
      • maked by borth warmth/support and conflict
        • non-voluntary
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15
Q

variety in relationships

A

age,age gap,gender,biological vs adopted vs stepsiblings vs half-sblings

gender:
* same gender pairs in teenage years tend to be close but in later teenage years drops of a bit
* mix gender pairs:not very close in early adolecent but later on they become more close]

conflict:
* a lot of conflict in childhood and early adolescence,but latter on it drops off

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16
Q

siblings relationships:Caregiver Relationship

A
  • one sibling serves as a quasi-parent for the other
  • usually in a older girl siblings and a younger sibling
17
Q

Sibling relationship: Buddy Relationships

A
  • both siblings like each other,and try to be like eachother
18
Q

Casual/uninvolved Relationships

A
  • siblings have little to do with each other
19
Q

critical/conflict/rival relationship

A
  • one sibling tries to dominate the other;teasing,fighting
20
Q

outcomes

A

the more herminous the sibling relationship more ideal outcomes

21
Q

Functions of sibling relationship

A
  • practice communication and social skills
  • buffer for peer rejection,parent conflict,stressful experiences
  • try out new behaviour
  • can be opportunity for learning about another gender: body parts and gender norms
  • promote individuality
  • conflict : destructive or constructive?

because they cant leave

22
Q

conflict between siblings

A

moderate of conflict is good because you lern in conflict menagment skilld

high levels of conflicts have less then ideal outcomes

23
Q

Birth order reserch:

A

different home enviroment/treatment causes different personallity traitsoutcomes

reserch on birth order differences is actually mixed and results appears to be tiny

24
Q

only children

A
  • siblings are not necessary for halthy development!
  • only children tend to have higher self-esteem,do better in school( probaby due to having more parent attention and pressure)

Difference in peer relationship:

  • in america,only children may be linked with less acceptance
    * in china,no difference(
  • maybe because they have closer relationship with causens or because of the one child law where everybody also are only siblings
25
Q

in canada 7% grow up living with a gradparents

A
26
Q

Grandparents

A
  • evolutionary : useful for survival-they(gradparent) can take care of the baby, it can increse child surviaval
  • can boost emotional well-being
  • can serve as buffers in children growing up in risky context(specially in sigle parent household)
27
Q

different roles

A

*** influential gradparents: **have authory over you,have contact with

  • supportive grandparets: they take care of you,emotional support,not authority
  • passive gradparent:not a lot of contect with,not a lot of authority

*** authritygrandparent **who do not have a lot of contaxt but with a lot of authority

detached granparents

28
Q

culture and parenting

A
  • in all cultures,use of warmth/support and control
  • in all cultures,warth/support appears beneficial for development
  • but how they are expressed is different across culture(ex:hugs,tellig them u love them,gestures)
29
Q

culture and prenting:reserch-chinease

A

chinease parents:tend to withold praise,believed to lead to self-satisfied children(less warmth).belief in deeply-involved parents,respect for family/authority(more control)

mixed finding on outcomes with these parenting approches(control):

  • some studies show no negative effects og high-control parenting in chinease families
  • more recent studies showing similar negative effects of high-control in chinease and american families
30
Q

why so much mixed findings?

A
  • difference mening of control
  • changes over time
  • difference across regions in chiana
  • differences across age
31
Q

culture and prenting:reserch-latino

A

latino parents more warmth but also more control

some values more important in there culture then in canada

32
Q

CULTURE & PARENTING

A
  • '’Normativeness”
    • Not all parents within a culture
      think and behave the same!
    • If parents’ practices are
      congruent with others in their
      cultural context > adaptive for
      children?
  • children that percive parenting they face normative have better outcomes
33
Q

CULTURE & PARENTING

A
  • Parenting is culturally situated
    * What is valued as “good” parenting differs
    • The relationship between parenting practices and outcomes may
      differ
    • And– even within cultures, there may be a lot of variability
34
Q

CULTURE & SIBLINGS

A
  • Sibling relationships are also
    culturally situated!
  • Cultural variations:
    * Which is seen as primary bond:
    parent-child or sibling
    * Amount of time spent together
    * Caregiving roles

Most research on siblings within
European-American families!

35
Q

CULTURE & EXTENDED FAMILY

A
  • Large cultural and ethnic
    differences in proportion of
    children living with extended
    families!
  • Example: Black families more
    likely to live with larger
    extended family
    • Seems to be beneficial! > help
      with effective child-rearing,
      reduce costs, transmission of
      culture

psych 315 (19 decks)

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