reReserch Designs

Question 1

1-correlational designs

Answer 1

examines relationships between variables

there is no cause-and-effect> correlation is NOT causation

third variable

do not manipulate anything

r=correlation coeficent:measures association between 2 variables

positive,negative,no correlation

Question 2

2-experimental designs

Answer 2

able examine cause and effect relation

independent variables are manipulated(randomly assigment

dependent variable are measured

can be difficult to conduct, as it has to be ethical

Question 3

reserch designs for studying development

Answer 3

1.longitudinal design
2.cross-sectional designs
3.sequential designs
4.microgenetic design

Question 4

1.longtudinal designs

Answer 4

same participants measured repeatedly across time at different ages

cons: a lot of time and money

Question 5

2.cross sectional

Answer 5

different groups of participants at different ages meausred at the same time

may have cohort effect: characteristics, among groups of individuals defined by some shared experience such as year or decade of birth, or years of a specific exposure.ex:quarentines

Question 6

3.sequential designs

Answer 6

follow multiple samples of different ages over time

consequential+longitudinal design= sequential design

time consuming,expensive

Question 7

4.microgenetic design

Answer 7

track development over a short period of time,over closely-spaced session

Question 8

challanges in reserching development

Answer 8

challanges of the population:
-ethics
-cooperation(kids may not corporate)
-selection(how do you get kids to study)

challanges in studying changes with age:
-measurement equivalence(consepts may involve over time, so the question arises to how do i meausre it ?)
-understand what causes change

Question 9

science as a way of knowing

Answer 9

strenghth:

-scientific community comments on,critiques,builds upon each other’s work

-constantly changing and updating > ideally improving knowledge

-publicly shared knowledge

Question 10

limitations of science

Answer 10

-can not answer all questions

-embedded within particular historical and cultural context

-biases of scientists can exclude or distort

-assumption that science is the only or best way of knowing

Question 11

positionality

Answer 11

our positionality > our context,our identities,our acess

these positions impact how we see the world

reflecting on our positions can help us acknowledge how who we are influences our relationship with our learning

Our experiences in development shape
much of our positionality!