Seizures

Question 1

Types of seizures

Answer 1

focal - 1 side of brain, can be simple partial (focal aware) or complex partial (focal with impaired awareness)

generalized - both sides of brain ( can be absence or tonic clonic)

Question 2

What are the drugs that can lower the seizure threshold

Answer 2

pain: tramadol
Depression: buproprion, varenicline
antibiotics: carbapenems, quinolones, penicillin
Asthma: theophylline
Other: clozapine, merperidine

Question 3

which drug is used to treat absense seizures

Answer 3

ethosuximide

Question 4

what is given for status epilepticus initialy

Answer 4

iv lorazepam (ativan) or im midazolam or rectal diazepam (diastat)

Question 5

why is vigabatrin rems?

Answer 5

can cause vision loss

Question 6

which AEDs work by icnreasing gaba

Answer 6

benzodiazepine and valproic acid

Question 7

which aed woks by blocking the t-type channel blocker thus slowing transmission of electrical signal

Answer 7

ethosuximide

Question 8

which aeds block na channels thus decreasing the neuron firing rate

Answer 8

carbamazepine, phenytoin/fosphenytoin

Question 9

side effects of carbamazepine, oxcarbezepine, and eslicarbazepine

Answer 9

rash, enzyme inducers, hyponaturemia

Question 10

what are the side effects of gabapentin and pregabalin

Answer 10

weight gain, peripheral edema, mild euphoria –> used primarily for neuropathic pain

Question 11

phenobarbital and primidone side effects

Answer 11

sedation, dependence/tolerance/overdose risk, enzyme inducers

Question 12

topiramate and zonsamide effects

Answer 12

weight loss, metabolic acidosis and nephrolithiasis and oligohydrosis/hyperthermia (in children)

Question 13

vitamins to take with 1) all AEDs 2) children of child bearing age 3) valproic acid and 4) lamotrigine/valproic acid

Answer 13

1) calcium and vitamin D
2) folate
3) carnitine
4) if alopecia develops, supplement with selenium and zinc

Question 14

lamictal

Answer 14

lamotragine

Question 15

keppra

Answer 15

leviteracetam

Question 16

topamax

Answer 16

topiramate

Question 17

Depakene

Answer 17

valproic acid

Question 18

depakote

Answer 18

divalproex

Question 19

tegretol

Answer 19

carbamazepine

Question 20

vimpat

Answer 20

lacosamide

Question 21

trileptal

Answer 21

oxcarbazepine

Question 22

dilantin

Answer 22

phenytoin

Question 23

cerebyx

Answer 23

fosphenytoin (prodrug of phenytoin)

Question 24

zarontin

Answer 24

ethosuximide

Question 25

lyrica

Answer 25

pregabalin

Question 26

phenytoin and valproic acid correction equation

Answer 26

total phenytoin measured / (0.2 x albumin) + 0.1

Question 27

ca correction equation

Answer 27

calcium (serum) + [(4.0 - albumin) * 0.8)]

Question 28

carbamazepine range

Answer 28

4-12 mcg/mL

Question 29

phenytoin/Fosphenytoin serum levels (free and bound)

Answer 29

10-20 mcg/mL

1-2.5 mcg/ml if free

Question 30

valproic acid range

Answer 30

50-100 mcg/mL