Seizures Flashcards
Types of seizures
focal - 1 side of brain, can be simple partial (focal aware) or complex partial (focal with impaired awareness)
generalized - both sides of brain ( can be absence or tonic clonic)
What are the drugs that can lower the seizure threshold
pain: tramadol Depression: buproprion, varenicline antibiotics: carbapenems, quinolones, penicillin Asthma: theophylline Other: clozapine, merperidine
which drug is used to treat absense seizures
ethosuximide
what is given for status epilepticus initialy
iv lorazepam (ativan) or im midazolam or rectal diazepam (diastat)
why is vigabatrin rems?
can cause vision loss
which AEDs work by icnreasing gaba
benzodiazepine and valproic acid
which aed woks by blocking the t-type channel blocker thus slowing transmission of electrical signal
ethosuximide
which aeds block na channels thus decreasing the neuron firing rate
carbamazepine, phenytoin/fosphenytoin
side effects of carbamazepine, oxcarbezepine, and eslicarbazepine
rash, enzyme inducers, hyponaturemia
what are the side effects of gabapentin and pregabalin
weight gain, peripheral edema, mild euphoria –> used primarily for neuropathic pain
phenobarbital and primidone side effects
sedation, dependence/tolerance/overdose risk, enzyme inducers
topiramate and zonsamide effects
weight loss, metabolic acidosis and nephrolithiasis and oligohydrosis/hyperthermia (in children)
vitamins to take with 1) all AEDs 2) children of child bearing age 3) valproic acid and 4) lamotrigine/valproic acid
1) calcium and vitamin D
2) folate
3) carnitine
4) if alopecia develops, supplement with selenium and zinc
lamictal
lamotragine
keppra
leviteracetam
