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My own Naplex > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonic for Statin Equivalent Doses

A

Pharmacists Rock AT Saving Lives and PReventing Fatty-deposits

P- Pitavastatin 2
R - Rosuvastatin 5 
At - Atorvastatin 10
S - Simvastatin 20
L - Lovastatin 40
Pr - Pravastatin 40
F - Fluvastatin 80
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2
Q

Myalgias

A

Muscle soreness and tenderness

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3
Q

Myopathy

A

muscle weakness +/- CPK elevations

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4
Q

Myositis

A

muscle inflammation

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5
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Any muscle symptoms with a very high CPK (>10,000) + muscle protein in the urine which can lead to acute renal failure

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6
Q

What can be given to reduce rhabdo

A

Coenzyme Q10

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7
Q

Which two statins have the most DDI and the least DDI?

A

Most: Simvastatin, Lovastatin

Least: Rosuvastatin, Pravastatin

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8
Q

Statin S/e

A

HMG - Hepatotoxicity, Myalgias/Myostitosis/Rhabdp, Glucose changes

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9
Q

MOA statin

A

HMG reductase inhibitors

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10
Q

When to tx with statin

A

1) for secondary prevention when a pt has already had CVD event - high intensity
2) If LDL is >190
3) if someone is 40-75 and has LDL between 70-189
- diabetic then either high or moderate intensity
- otherwise look at ascvd risk (if above 20 then high intensity, if above 7.5 but below 20 then moderate)

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11
Q

ezetimbe MOA

A

inhibits absorption of cholesterol in small intenstine

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12
Q

statin effects on LDL, HDL, TG

A

LDL - decrease, HDL - increase, TG - decrease

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13
Q

ezetimibe s/e

A

myalgias

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14
Q

ezetimibe effect on LDL, HDL, TG

A

LDL - decrease,
HDL - increase,
TG - decrease

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15
Q

PKS9 MOA

A

an enzyme that increases the degradation of LDL receptors

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16
Q

PKS9 effects

A

drastically decreases LDL

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17
Q

PKS9 side effects

A

injection site reactions

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18
Q

Bile acid sequestrants MOA

A

bind bile acids thus forming a complex that is excreted in the feces

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19
Q

bile acid side effects

A

welchol: bowl obstruction

Cholestyramine packet: teeth discoloration/erosion of enamel, separate from drugs

class effects: cause constipation, cramping, bloating, gas, increased TG, decrease fat soluble vitamin absorption

20
Q

bile acid effects on LDL, HDL, TG

A

decrease LDL, increase HDL, increase TG *only one

21
Q

purpose of bile acid

A

ok to use in pregnant person to lower LDL

22
Q

fibrate MOA

A

peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha activators which upregulate apolipoprotein thus increasing apolipoprotein lipase to catabolize TG containing VLDL particles

23
Q

fibrate effects on LDL, TG, HDL

A

Mainly used to decrease TG, generally decreases LDL but when TG very high, increases HDL

24
Q

Fibrate contraindications, warnings, s/e

A

C/I in severe liver disease, gallbladder disease

Warning - increase myopathy with statin

s/e - dyspepsia, increased lft

25
Q

fibrate DDI

A

gemfibrozil aka lopid ddi with statin

26
Q

niacin moa

A

decreases synthesis of VLDL

27
Q

niacin s/e

A

rhabdo, hepatotoxicity, flusing, gout, itching, vomiting, diarhea, increase BG

28
Q

IR vs ER vs CR niacin

A

not interchangeable, ER least s/e but most expensive, IR causes most flushing, CR causes most hepatotoxicity

29
Q

niacin effects

A

decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG

30
Q

fish oil moa

A

not completely understood, mainly effects TG

31
Q

fish oil d/e

A

burping, dyspepsia, taste perversions

32
Q

effects on TG, LDL, HDL of fish oil

A

TG - decrease, HDL - increase, LDL can increase *

33
Q

indication and s/e for lomitapide

A
  • homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
  • hepatoxic boxed warning
  • do not use in active liver disease or pregnancy
34
Q

Key drugs that can increase LDL and TG

A

Diuretics, Efavirenz, Steroids, Immunosuppressants, Atypical antipsychotics, Protease Inhibitors

35
Q

Which drugs do not need to be taken with food?

A

ezetimibe, pcsk9

36
Q

administration of bile acid sequesterants

A

take at mealtime with plenty of water or other liquid

37
Q

administration of niacin

A

take with food but avoid spicy food, alcohol, and hot beverages

38
Q

Zestoretic

A

Lisinopril + HCTZ

39
Q

Hyzaar

A

Losartan + HCTZ

40
Q

Benicar HCT

A

Olmesartan/HCT

41
Q

Diovan HCT

A

Valsartan/HCTz

42
Q

Lotrel

A

Benazepril/Amlodipine

43
Q

Exforge

A

Valsartan/Amlodipine

44
Q

Tenortic

A

Atenolol/Chlorthalidone

45
Q

Ziac

A

Bisoprolol/Hydrochlorothiazide

46
Q

Dyazide

A

Triamterene/HCTZ (1/2)

47
Q

Maxzide

A

Triamterene/HCTZ (2/2)

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