Allergic Rhinitis Flashcards by Kat M

Main differences/similarities between cold and allergies

cold: thick dark mucus vs allergies: thin clear mucus
cold: sore throat, body aches
allergies: wheezing, red watery eyes
cold: lasts three days vs allergies: lasts days or months
Both: sneezing, runny nose

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Ocean Little Remedies are an example of what

wetting agent

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nasal irrigation uses what kind of saline solution

isotonic (0.9) or hypertonic (2-3.5%)

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1st line for chronic, moderate to severe symptoms

intranasal steroids

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What can treat mild intermittent symptoms

oral antihistamines

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Side effects of intranasal steroids

Epistaxis

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How long does it take for nasal steroids to work

one week

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Which are the two preferred nasal steroids in pregnancy

Budesonide (Rhinocort) and beclomethasone

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Rhinocort

Budesonide

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Flonase

Fluticasone

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Nasacort

Triamcinolone

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Benadryl

Diphenhydramine

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What are the first generation oral antihistamines

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Chlorpheniramine, Doxylamine

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Benadryl adult dosing

25-50 mg PO Q4-6H

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Age cutoff for benadryl OTC

6 years old

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Second generation oral antihistamines

Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Levocetirizine (Xyzal), Fexofenadine (Allegra), Loratidine (Claritin)

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Zyrtec

Cetirizine

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Xyzal

Levocetirizine

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Allegra

Fexofenadine

Claritin

Loratidine

What are the preferred 2nd gen antihistamines in pregnancy

Loratidine (Claritin) and Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

What are the two less sedating 2nd gen antihistamines

fexofenadine (allegra) and loratidine (Claritin)

What are the two more sedating 2nd gen antihistamines and what other property do they have that may make them desirable for people despite that

Levocetirizine (Xyzal) and Cetirizine (Zyrtec) but they both work fast

How do you administer fexofenadine (allegra)

with water

nase formulation name/ending

"nase"

moa of decongestants

alphra adrenergic agonists causing vasoconstricition

phenylephrine vs pseudoephrine absorption

phenylephrine has poor oral absorption and comes as a nasal inhaler wheras pseudoephrine is effective systemically

max amount of of pseudopehrine per day to sell

3.6 g/day and 9 grams/30 days

major DDI for decongestants

14 days of MAO inhibitors

Age cutoff for pseudoephrine

avoid in children less than 2 years per FDA

Sudafed PE

Phenylephrine

Zephrex D

Pseudoephrine (1/3)

Sudafed

Pseudoephrine (2/3)

Nexafed

Pseudoephrine (3/3)

Afrin

Oxymetazoline

What is NasalCrom/Intranasal cromolyn, how do you use it and who can use it

mast cell stabilizer, must use at start of allergy season regularly and is safe to use in pregnancy and in children > 2

Delsym

Dextromethorphan (1/2)

Robitussin/Mucinex

Guaifenesin in it I guess

Codiene by itself is a C what?

Codiene combo is a C what

Tessalon

Benzonatate

Tussicaps

Chlorpheniramine/Hydrocodone

Chlorpheniramine/hydrocodone is a C what?

moa of dextromorphan and side effect as a result

SSRI and at high doses NMDA receptor blocking leading to euphoria and hallucinations

Why is codiene not allowed to be sold to minors <18 and for sure not allowed to be used in kids

respiratory death have occured in children recieving this following a tonsillectomy

Codeine is metabolized through what

CYP 2D6