Allergic Rhinitis Flashcards
Main differences/similarities between cold and allergies
- cold: thick dark mucus vs allergies: thin clear mucus
- cold: sore throat, body aches
- allergies: wheezing, red watery eyes
- cold: lasts three days vs allergies: lasts days or months
- Both: sneezing, runny nose
Ocean Little Remedies are an example of what
wetting agent
nasal irrigation uses what kind of saline solution
isotonic (0.9) or hypertonic (2-3.5%)
1st line for chronic, moderate to severe symptoms
intranasal steroids
What can treat mild intermittent symptoms
oral antihistamines
Side effects of intranasal steroids
Epistaxis
How long does it take for nasal steroids to work
one week
Which are the two preferred nasal steroids in pregnancy
Budesonide (Rhinocort) and beclomethasone
Rhinocort
Budesonide
Flonase
Fluticasone
Nasacort
Triamcinolone
Benadryl
Diphenhydramine
What are the first generation oral antihistamines
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Chlorpheniramine, Doxylamine
Benadryl adult dosing
25-50 mg PO Q4-6H
Age cutoff for benadryl OTC
6 years old
Second generation oral antihistamines
Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Levocetirizine (Xyzal), Fexofenadine (Allegra), Loratidine (Claritin)
Zyrtec
Cetirizine
Xyzal
Levocetirizine
Allegra
Fexofenadine
Claritin
Loratidine
What are the preferred 2nd gen antihistamines in pregnancy
Loratidine (Claritin) and Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
What are the two less sedating 2nd gen antihistamines
fexofenadine (allegra) and loratidine (Claritin)
What are the two more sedating 2nd gen antihistamines and what other property do they have that may make them desirable for people despite that
Levocetirizine (Xyzal) and Cetirizine (Zyrtec) but they both work fast
How do you administer fexofenadine (allegra)
with water
nase formulation name/ending
“nase”
moa of decongestants
alphra adrenergic agonists causing vasoconstricition
phenylephrine vs pseudoephrine absorption
phenylephrine has poor oral absorption and comes as a nasal inhaler wheras pseudoephrine is effective systemically
max amount of of pseudopehrine per day to sell
3.6 g/day and 9 grams/30 days
major DDI for decongestants
14 days of MAO inhibitors
Age cutoff for pseudoephrine
avoid in children less than 2 years per FDA
Sudafed PE
Phenylephrine
Zephrex D
Pseudoephrine (1/3)
Sudafed
Pseudoephrine (2/3)
Nexafed
Pseudoephrine (3/3)
Afrin
Oxymetazoline
What is NasalCrom/Intranasal cromolyn, how do you use it and who can use it
mast cell stabilizer, must use at start of allergy season regularly and is safe to use in pregnancy and in children > 2
Delsym
Dextromethorphan (1/2)
Robitussin/Mucinex
Guaifenesin in it I guess
Codiene by itself is a C what?
2
Codiene combo is a C what
5
Tessalon
Benzonatate
Tussicaps
Chlorpheniramine/Hydrocodone
Chlorpheniramine/hydrocodone is a C what?
2
moa of dextromorphan and side effect as a result
SSRI and at high doses NMDA receptor blocking leading to euphoria and hallucinations
Why is codiene not allowed to be sold to minors <18 and for sure not allowed to be used in kids
respiratory death have occured in children recieving this following a tonsillectomy
Codeine is metabolized through what
CYP 2D6
