Seizure meds

Question 1

Seizures are initiated by excessive ____ _____ from neurons in the ____ _____

Answer 1

electrical discharge

cerebral cortex

Question 2

__________ is used to monitor seizure voltages

Answer 2

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 3

initial site of discharge is called the ____

Answer 3

focus

Question 4

when electrical discharge is limited to areas near cerebral cortex it is called a _______ seizure

Answer 4

partial

Question 5

when the electrical discharge spreads outside the cerebral cortex to distant parts of the brain it is called a _____ seizure

Answer 5

generalized

Question 6

seizure with no loss of consciousness, limited to one part of the body: _____ _____

Answer 6

partial simple

Question 7

seizure that impairs consciousness, limited to one part of the body: ____ ____

Answer 7

partial complex

Question 8

seizure with alternating periods of muscle jerks and rigidity: _____ _____

Answer 8

tonic clonic (grand mal)

Question 9

seizure with a brief losses of consciousness and fluttering eyelids, 10-30 seconds: ____ _____

Answer 9

absence seizures (petit mal)

Question 10

a persistent general seizure longer than 30 mins: ____ ____

Answer 10

Status epilepticus

Question 11

drug that inhibits Na channels in post-synaptic neuron: ______
works on all but absence seizures
narrow TI
AE: sedation, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia

Answer 11

Phenytoin

Question 12

____ or ____ can be given IV to stop status epilepticus seizures

Answer 12

Phenytoin or Fosphenytoin

Question 13

drug that inhibits Na channels, most commonly used in partial complex.
FDA approval to treat migraines

Answer 13

Topomax

Question 14

drug used to treat grand mal and complex seizures, also used for bipolar
similar to phenytoin, works on all but absence
common AE: rash called ____ _____ syndrome
sedation, vertigo, agranulocytosis

Answer 14

Carbamazepine

Steven Johnson syndrome

Question 15

______ increases sensitivity of GABA receptors
AE: sedation is a problem
works on all but absence

Answer 15

Phenobarbital

Question 16

only drug that works on ALL types of seizures: _____ _____
stimulates GABA receptors
most common AE: nausea

Answer 16

Valproic acid

Question 17

drug used for partial and tonic-clonic seizures, and bipolar: ____
AE: ataxia, nausea, steven Johnson syndrome rash

Answer 17

Lamotrigine

Question 18

adjunct seizure drug: _____

Answer 18

Keppra

Question 19

Benzodiazepines used for stopping status epilepticus: ______ and ______

Answer 19

Lorazepam

Diazepam

Question 20

benzo used to treat absence seizures: _____

Answer 20

Clonazepam

Question 21

drug used for adjunct therapy.

80% of use is off-label. used for shingles, bipolar

Answer 21

Gabapentin

Question 22

newer version of Gabapentin used to treat fibromyalgia

Answer 22

Pregabalin

Question 23

other methods to reduce seizures:
high fat, low carb diets called _____ diets
Vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 23

ketogenic