Cardiovascular drugs Flashcards
____ angina occurs during physical exertion
partially occluded coronary arteries
95% of angina
classic
____ angina results from vasospasm
5% is this type
variant
Nitroglycerin promotes vaso_____ in veins
treats both types
not given orally because first pass effect
taken as ____ tablet
AE: headache
dilation
buccal
patch version of nitroglycerin
nitro-dur
nitroglycerin reacts with ___ groups to produce ____ ____
sulfhydryl
nitric oxide
drug similar to nitroglycerin but used prophylactically
isosorbide mononitrate
drug originally for angina, not used anymore. gives euphoric rush, increase orgasm intensity
amyl nitrite
drugs treat ED
Viagra, Cialis, Levitra
Ca channel blockers relax vascular smooth muscle
decrease AFTER load
prophylactic
Calan
Cardizem
Procardia
Beta blockers slow heart rate
only for classic
fewer adverse effects than Ca channel blockers
metropolol
atenolol
propranolol
carvedilol(CHF)
CHF occurs when the heart’s pumping ____ due to lowered _____
decreases
contractility
Diuretics used to treat CHF reduce edema by ___ urine flow to ____ blood volume
most common drug for CHF: ____
increase
decrease
furosemide
___ gets its name from foxglove plant
increases heart contractility
low TI
AE: __ heart block
digoxin
AV
___ ___ cause arteriovasodilation, on afterload
reduce mortality rates
ACE inhibitors
drug that significantly lowers mortality rate of CHF patients
Spironolactone
formation of thromboxane A2 leads to formation of ____ ____
platelet plug
platelet plugs are reinforced by ___ to form a ____
forms an ____ when broken off,
becomes an ___ when it gets stuck
fibrin
thrombus
embolus
embolism
Heparin binds \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_ to suppress fibrin. inactivated by \_\_\_ given IV low TI AE: hemorrhage OK during pregnancy
antithrombin III
HCl
low molecular weight version of heparin: ___
no blood tests required
enoxaparin
drug first marketed as rat poison: \_\_\_\_ Vit K antagonist taken orally vit K found in\_\_\_\_ INR stands for \_\_\_\_\_ and is ratio for clotting time
warfarin
leafy greens
international normalized ratio
drug that reduces blood viscosity
Trental
drug claimed to be better than aspirin. does not cause ulceration
for people who have suffered stroke
plavix
antibody that binds to glycoprotein on human platelets. decreases tendency to aggregate
reo-pro
thrombolytic drug made of human enzymes used to dissolve clot after stroke or MI
Alteplase
tPA-tissue plasminogen activator
cholesterol comes from
converted into
dietary source and synthesis in liver
vit D, bile salts
average adult level of blood cholesterol
180-200 mg/dl
LDL over ____ and total over ____ is bad
135
200
cholesterol risk factor is
average is 5.0 for male
4.5 for female
(LDL + HDL) / HDL
HDL can be increased by
alcohol consumption
exercise
___ drug family treats high cholesterol
inhibits enzyme used in cholesterol synthesis: _____
statin
HMG-CoA reductase
AE of statin drugs:
liver abnormalities
blood test looks for ____ ____ in blood
GI disturbance
liver enzymes
most common statin drugs
simvastatin
atorvastatin
original statin drug
lovastatin
most potent LDL reducer statin drug, high incidence of myopathy
rosuvastatin
statin drug that increases HDL most
pitavastatin
dietary supplement made from red yeast with naturally occurring HMG CoA reductase
cholestin
drug that inhibits dietary cholesterol absorption: _____
combined with simvastatin to make: ____
zetia
vytorin
Vit B3: _____
reduces cholesterol in large doses
causes cutaneous flushing
niacin
drug that activates lipoprotein lipase, lower LDL
tricor
drug that raised HDL but also raised mortality rate, off the market
positive surrogate outcome, neg clinic outcme
Torcetrapib
drug that stimulates production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
synthetic form of naturally occurring levothyroxine hormone
safe during pregnancy, rated A
Synthroid
