Opiods Flashcards
Opioids bind to ___ receptors in the brain
M
positive effects of opioids:
1.
2.
3.
analgesia
anti-tussive (cough)
decreased GI motility
Negative effects of opioids:
8
respiratory depression sedation confusion dysphoria euphoria urinary retention miosis constipation
Morphine sulfate used for ___ ____
Schedule __
serious pain
2
PCA’s stands for ___ and allows patient control of morphine
patient controlled analgesia machine
semi-synthetic opioid, more lipophilic than morphine: ___
schedule _
___ treats withdrawal
Heroin
1
methadone
____ semi-synthetic with higher potency than morphine, less side effects
hydromorphone
semi-synthetic that is metabolized into morphine: ___
strong antitussive
some lack CYP 2D6, cannot convert to morphine
schedule _
codeine + acetaminophen = Tylenol II, III, IV
Combo is schedule __
codeine
2
3
semisynthetic combined with acetaminophen (APAP), used as antitussive: ____
also metabolized into morphine by CYP2D6
Schedule __
hydrocodone
2
semisynthetic with less side effects, lots of combinations: \_\_\_\_\_ \+ APAP = \_\_\_\_ \+ ASA = \_\_\_\_\_ long acting form \_\_\_\_\_ schedule \_\_ alone schedule _ combo reformulated \_\_\_ for less abuse
oxycodone Percocet Percodan Oxycontin 2 3 oxycontin
synthetic opioid, long term use leads to build up of toxic liver metabolites. no longer used
Demerol
available as patch.
controls pain during childbirth
Fentanyl
synthetic popular for dental pain, but pulled off market for increased heart arrhythmias
propoxyphene
morphine agonist with less incidence of respiratory depression
tramodol
moderate cough suppressant WITHOUT analgesic effect
produces hallucinations
Robitussin
methadone overdose because:
effects are slow, leads to repeating doses
used to decrease effects of narcotic overdose
Narcan
anti-diarrheal opioid
Imodium
local anesthetics act as __ ion channel blockers
block nerve conduction
Na
(Ester) topical anesthetic
available OTC for sunburn or vaginal itching
benzocaine
(Ester) ___ is schedule 2 and rarely prescribed
useful in nasal and oral surgery
cocaine
(Ester) local anesthetic that has not been used or manufactured for years, but widely known
novocaine
(amide)
____ is local anesthetic of choice in dental clinics
combined with ____
lidocaine
epinephrine
(ester + amide)
____ is competing with lidocaine in dental offices
articaine
Indians chewed ___ leaves to get mild stimulation
used in cocacola and wine
(history of cocaine)
coca
