Nervous system drugs Flashcards
inhibition of the electrical conduction down the axon produces _____
anesthesia
____ is a general inhalation anesthetic that is very flammable, not used in US
ether
____ is a general anesthetic that causes heart arrhythmias and liver damage, not used in US
Chloroform
_____ is fluorinated ether, non-flammable and no liver damage
Sevofluorane
______ is the neurotransmitter at the ganglia of BOTH sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
bind to ______ receptors at the ganglia
binds to _____ receptors at the post-ganglionic parasympathetic neuron
Acetylcholine
nicotinic
muscarinic
drugs that activate post-ganglionic parasympathetic muscarinic receptors are called ______ agonists/antagonists
cholinergic
acetylcholine is terminated by _______
acetylcholinesterase
______ is the neurotransmitter at the post-ganglionic sympathetic neuron
norepinephrine
Norepinephrine is terminated by resorption into the _____ neuron, then eventually inactivated by _______ ____ and ____ _____ _____
afferent
monoamine oxidase (MAO)
catechol orthomethyl transferase (COMT)
_____ is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that is released by the _____ _____
inactivated by _______ _____
Epinephrine
adrenal medulla
monoamine oxidase
Norepinephrine and epinephrine bind _____ receptors
adrenergic
effects of parasympathetic stimulation at Cholinergic receptors: pupil \_\_\_\_ heart rate \_\_\_\_ broncho-\_\_\_\_\_ bladder \_\_\_\_\_ salivation erection
constricts
decreases
constriction
voiding
effects of sympathetic stimulation at Adrenergic receptors: pupil \_\_\_\_\_ heart rate \_\_\_\_\_ vaso-\_\_\_\_\_ broncho-\_\_\_\_\_ skin vaso-\_\_\_\_\_ GI vaso-\_\_\_\_\_ ejaculation
dilates increases dilation dilation constriction constriction
______ acts on all four types of adrenergic receptors
______ acts on all but B2
epinephrine
norepinephrine
_____ is a cholinergic agonist that stimulates contraction of detrusor muscle
stimulates _____ post-op or post-partum
Bethanecol
urination
_____ inhibitors increase ACh by blocking its inactivation
found in insecticides and nerve gas
can cause muscular and respiratory paralysis
cholinesterase
_____ is a cholinergic antagonist used to increase heart rate, and an antidote for poisoning
Atropine
the plant ____ _____ is a natural source of Atropine
bella donna
_____ _____ is an anticholinergic antagonist given by inhaler for COPD
used in combo with Albuterol to make Combivent
Atrovent
_____ is an antispasmodic used to treat nocturia, incontinence
available as patch
oxybutynin
newer antispasmodic to compete with oxybutynin: _______
Detrol
Norepinephrine and epinephrine have similar ________ structure
rapidly metabolized in ____ and ___ ____
undergo the ____ ____ effect
catecholamine
liver
GI tract
first pass
epinephrine given by inhalation
used for anaphylactic shock
Primatene mist
_____ is used as a nasal decongestant
cause vaso-_____
now behind the counter because it can be converted into _____
Pseudoephedrine
constriction
methamphetamine
many formulas are replacing pseudoephedrine with ______
phenylephrine
_____ is the isomer of pseudoephedrine, found in Chinese herb Mahuang
Ephedrine
____ and _____ are synthetic versions of epinephrine, now common street drugs
injected as crystal or smoked in free base form
Amphetamine
methylamphetamine
when meth users hallucinate about bugs crawling on their skin: _____
formication
___ and ____ are popular rave drugs, ecstasy
Schedule 1
MDA
MDMA
____ is a shrub grown in Yemen that contains ______
Khat
Cathinone
____ ____ are synthetic versions of cathinone
bath salts
____ is used to treat ADHD
Schedule 2
Ritalin
pure enantiomer of Ritalin: _____
Focalin
_____ is used for ADHD and is commonly abused
Schedule 2
Adderall
_____ was officially approved for treating narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder , off label for ADHD
Modafinil
B1: ___
B2: ___
A1:___
heart
lungs
skin, etc
_____ is a B2 agonist that prevents premature parturition
Terbutaline
_____ and ____ are A1 blockers that cause peripheral vaso-____ and are used for BPH which stands for: ____ ____ ____
alternative to TURP which stands for: ____ ____ ____ ____
Cardura Flomax dilation benign prostate hypertrophy trans-urethral resection of the prostate
_____ was one of the first anti-hypertensive drugs, acts on CNS
frequently causes depression
Reserpine
_____ is used for treating muscle spasms
acts on CNS
Cyclobenzaprine
ACh stimulates __-polarization, which stimulates the release of ___ and causes contraction
de
Ca+2
neuromuscular blocker _____ binds to ACh receptors and prevents repolarization
given IV for surgery
AE: sore muscles
Succinylcholine
_____ is a neuromuscular blocker that is used on the arrow tips by South American natives
not safe for surgery
Tubocurarine
______ can be found in patches for smoking cessation called: _____, _____, _____
Nicoderm
Habitrol
Prostep
____ is a partial nictone agonist that has a bad rep from lawsuits about suicide
Chantix
____ is a seed/leaf chewed in Southeast Asia
stimulates nicotine receptors
dark red saliva
Betel
