Seen component - Q2 Flashcards
What is the main goal of blood sugar regulation?
To maintain glucose levels within a narrow optimal range (approximately 70–110 mg/dL).
What type of control governs blood sugar regulation?
Homeostatic control.
Which two endocrine hormones primarily regulate blood sugar?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
Which organ acts as a central hub for detecting changes in blood glucose?
The pancreas.
Which part of the pancreas is responsible for endocrine function?
The islets of Langerhans.
How do insulin and glucagon influence glucose?
They orchestrate its storage, utilization, and production.
Which tissues are mainly affected by insulin and glucagon?
- Liver
- Muscle
- Adipose tissue
Why are feedback loops important in blood sugar regulation?
They help match metabolic demand and prevent dangerous glucose fluctuations.
Where are the islets of Langerhans located?
In the pancreas.
Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?
Beta (β) cells.
Which cells secrete glucagon?
Alpha (α) cells.
Which cells secrete somatostatin?
Delta (δ) cells.
What hormone is produced by PP cells?
Pancreatic polypeptide.
Where is the pancreas located?
Posterior to the stomach in the abdominal cavity.
In which region of the pancreas are islets most concentrated?
The tail region.
Where do islet-secreted hormones drain into?
The hepatic portal vein.
Why is the hepatic portal vein important in blood sugar regulation?
It allows hormones to act quickly on the liver.
When is insulin secreted?
In response to high blood glucose.
What does insulin promote in muscle and adipose tissue?
Glucose uptake.
What process does insulin stimulate in liver and muscle?
Glycogenesis.
Which liver processes does insulin inhibit?
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycogenolysis
What effects does insulin have on adipose tissue?
- Promotes lipogenesis
- Inhibits lipolysis
What does insulin enhance besides glucose metabolism?
- Protein synthesis
- Cell growth
When is glucagon secreted?
In response to low blood glucose.
