Seen component Q1 Flashcards
What is mastication?
Mastication is the chewing of food using teeth and tongue to increase surface area.
What muscles help form the bolus?
Buccinator, orbicularis oris, masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid and tongue muscles.
Where is bile stored?
In the gallbladder.
Where is the stomach located?
Mid-left of the abdominal cavity.
How much saliva is produced daily?
About 1.5 litres of saliva are produced daily.
What is the role of saliva in digestion?
Saliva moistens food and contains amylase to begin starch breakdown.
What structures increase surface area for absorption?
Villi and microvilli.
Where does nutrient absorption take place?
In the small intestine.
What happens in the pharyngeal stage?
The bolus passes through the pharynx, and routes to the nose and airway are blocked.
What enzyme in saliva starts breaking down carbohydrates?
Amylase.
What is pepsinogen?
An inactive enzyme converted to pepsin by HCl.
Where is bile produced?
In the liver.
What bones anchor the adult teeth?
Teeth are embedded in the maxilla and mandible.
What organ does the stomach connect to next?
The small intestine, starting with the duodenum.
What controls stomach digestion?
The autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic stimulates, sympathetic inhibits).
What is the function of stomach churning?
Mechanically mixes food with gastric juices.
What do gastric glands secrete?
Gastric juice with HCl, mucus, water, salts, and pepsinogen.
What helps mix digestive secretions with chyme?
Movement and secretions in the small intestine.
Which glands produce saliva?
Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands produce saliva.
What is the first segment of the small intestine?
The duodenum.
What enzymes does the pancreas produce?
Amylase, lipase, and proteases.
What happens in the small intestine?
Chemical digestion is completed and nutrient absorption occurs.
How many adult teeth are there?
There are 32 adult teeth.
What are brush border enzymes?
Enzymes on the microvilli that complete digestion.
