Seen component - Q1 (fill in the blanks)

Question 1

The folds of the villi and ______ increase surface area.

Answer 1

microvilli

Question 2

Gastric juice contains water, mineral salts, mucus, ______, and pepsinogen.

Answer 2

hydrochloric acid

Question 3

Mastication involves the tongue and ______ adult teeth.

Answer 3

32

Question 4

The oesophagus is around 25cm long and ______cm wide.

Answer 4

2

Question 5

The act of swallowing is called ______.

Answer 5

deglutition

Question 6

The pharyngeal stage is no longer under ______ control.

Answer 6

voluntary

Question 7

Saliva contains the enzyme ______, which begins breaking down starch.

Answer 7

amylase

Question 8

Pepsin begins the digestion of ______ into peptides.

Answer 8

proteins

Question 9

Osmosis and ______ diffusion also help in nutrient absorption.

Answer 9

facilitated

Question 10

The pancreas releases amylase, lipase, and ______.

Answer 10

proteases

Question 11

The liver and ______ store and release bile.

Answer 11

gallbladder

Question 12

Fats are digested into fatty acids and ______.

Answer 12

glycerol

Question 13

Amylase breaks starch into the disaccharide ______.

Answer 13

maltose

Question 14

Salivary glands produce about ______ litres of saliva daily.

Answer 14

1.5

Question 15

The ______ oesophageal sphincter relaxes ahead of the peristalsis wave.

Answer 15

lower

Question 16

The stomach’s churning mixes food into a semi-liquid called ______.

Answer 16

chyme

Question 17

Peristalsis involves ______, wave-like contractions of smooth muscle.

Answer 17

rhythmic

Question 18

During swallowing, the soft palate rises to close off the ______.

Answer 18

nasopharynx

Question 19

Brush border enzymes complete digestion into absorbable units like ______.

Answer 19

monosaccharides

Question 20

The ______, orbicularis oris, masseter, and temporalis help in bolus formation.

Answer 20

buccinator

Question 21

Sympathetic stimulation ______ digestive processes.

Answer 21

decreases

Question 22

Proteins are digested into ______.

Answer 22

amino acids

Question 23

Absorption occurs through the enterocytes via diffusion and ______ transport.

Answer 23

active

Question 24

Bile helps to ______ fats.

Answer 24

emulsify

Question 25

Enterocytes are found lining the ______ of the small intestine.

Answer 25

villi

Question 26

Gastric juice is secreted by chief and ______ cells.

Answer 26

parietal

Question 27

Pepsinogen is converted to ______ by hydrochloric acid.

Answer 27

pepsin

Question 28

The ______ blocks entry into the trachea.

Answer 28

epiglottis

Question 29

The small intestine is approximately ______ meters long.

Answer 29

5

Question 30

Saliva is released in response to the sight, smell or ______ of food.

Answer 30

thought

Question 31

The stomach is a ______-shaped organ in the mid-left of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 31

j

Question 32

Peristalsis is innervated by the ______ plexus.

Answer 32

myenteric

Question 33

The oral stage of swallowing is under ______ control.

Answer 33

voluntary

Question 34

Villi and microvilli facilitate nutrient absorption by increasing ______.

Answer 34

surface area

Question 35

The ______ palate blocks the nasal passage during swallowing.

Answer 35

soft

Question 36

Chewing and saliva form a semi-solid mass called a ______.

Answer 36

bolus

Question 37

The first segment of the small intestine is the ______.

Answer 37

duodenum

Question 38

The ______ glands are found beneath the tongue.

Answer 38

sublingual

Question 39

The smooth muscle of the oesophagus is lubricated by ______.

Answer 39

mucus

Question 40

Adult teeth are embedded in the ______ and mandible.

Answer 40

maxilla

Question 41

Digestion begins in the ______ and continues through the alimentary canal.

Answer 41

mouth

Question 42

Sphincters at both ends of the oesophagus prevent air and ______ from escaping.

Answer 42

contents

Question 43

Mechanical digestion in the stomach is caused by ______ of its walls.

Answer 43

contraction

Question 44

The ______ rises so the epiglottis blocks entry into the trachea.

Answer 44

larynx

Question 45

The ______ sphincter allows chyme to enter the small intestine.

Answer 45

pyloric

Question 46

Parasympathetic stimulation ______ digestive processes.

Answer 46

increases

Question 47

Saliva secretion is controlled by the ______ nervous system.

Answer 47

autonomic

Question 48

The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic and ______ branches.

Answer 48

parasympathetic

Question 49

The three major salivary glands are parotid, ______, and sublingual.

Answer 49

submandibular

Question 50

Chyme mixes with secretions and intestinal juice to digest ______, fats and proteins.

Answer 50

carbohydrates