Sedatives, Anti-Anxiety, Hypnotics

Question 1

sedative

Answer 1

drug decerasing activity, moderate excitement, calm pt

Question 2

hypnotic

Answer 2

produces drowsiness, facilitate onset/maintenance of sleep
higher dose causing sleep as compared to lower dose calming

Question 3

anxiolytic

Answer 3

anti anxiety
cause calm and quietness

Question 4

primary agents of sedative, hypnotic, and anti anxety

Answer 4

benzodiazepines
Z drugs
melatonin receptor agonists
orexin receptor antagonist
atypical: buspirone

Question 5

benxodiazepines suffixes

Answer 5

-azolam
-azepam

Question 6

benzodiazepines list

Answer 6

sleep:
temazepam
triazolam
estazolam
quazepam
anti anxiety:
diazepam
lorazepam
alpazolam

Question 7

benzo MOA

Answer 7

potentiate GABA, increasing Cl- channel opening to hyperpolarize and inhibit AP
inhibitory effect on cortex and limbic system

Question 8

effects of benzos

Answer 8

anxiolysis, anterograde amnesia, sedation, anticonsulsive, antiemesis, muscle relaxation

Question 9

side effects of benzos

Answer 9

excess sedation
motor impairment
confusion
discontinuation syndrome - rebound insomnia
potentiates CNS depression from alcohol
tolerance
dependence

Question 10

benzo drug interactions

Answer 10

alc, antihistamines, antipsychotics, opioids, TCAs
cough syrup w alc

Question 11

antidote for benzo toxicity

Answer 11

flumazenil

Question 12

Z drugs MOA

Answer 12

bind GABA receptors in brain
more selective than benzos

Question 13

list Z drugs

Answer 13

zolpidem
zaleplon
eszopiclone

Question 14

Z drug side effects

Answer 14

GI upset
headache
dizziness

Question 15

melatonin receptor agonists MOA

Answer 15

short term insomnia treatment
melatonin released by pineal gland

Question 16

list melatonin receptor agonists

Answer 16

ramelteon
tasimelteon (for non 24 hours sleep disorder)

Question 17

side effects of melatonin receptor agonists

Answer 17

headache
dizziness
somnolence
hepatotoxicity for tasmelteon

Question 18

orexin receptor antagonists MOA

Answer 18

endogenous neuropeptides activating orexin receptors 1 and 2 in hypothalamus
excitatory, releases NTs for arousal, wakefullness, appetite

Question 19

suvorexant indication

Answer 19

insomnia

Question 20

orexin receptor antagonist suffix

Answer 20

rexant

Question 21

buspirone MOA

Answer 21

partial agonist for serotonin 5 HT1A receptor

Question 22

antidepressants for anxiety

Answer 22

SSRIs
SNRIs
TCAs

Question 23

implications for PT and sedative/anti anxiety, hypnotics

Answer 23

schedule therapy accounting fot hangover effect
reduced ability to follow commands
weakness
decreased response time
decreased motor control
sleep disturbance
benefit of calm/relaxation
decreased ability to participate in PT
increased fall risk