Intro Flashcards
Effects of pharm on PT practice
hinder therapy w side effects/effects
facilitate therapy by reducing pain or symptoms
contribute to safety with emergency meds like inhalers
chemical name
compound structure name
generic name
derived from chemical name, shorter
ex) acetaminophen
Trade/brand name
assigned to compound by company for marketing purposes
schedule 1 drug
drugs that have no approved medical use as well as a high potential for abuse
ex) heroin, LSD, MDMA
Schedule 2 drug
drugs with high potential for abuse and dependence but have an accepted medical use
ex) fentanyl, methamphetamine, oxycodone
Schedule 3 drugs
mod-low abuse potential compared to schedule 2 drugs
ex) steroids, testosterone, ketamine
Schedule 4 drugs
Low abuse potential compared to 3 and low risk of dependence
ex) diazepam, tramadol
Schedule 5 drugs
lowest abuse potential
low dose opioid in cough meds
Sources of drugs
Natural: plant, animal/marine, mineral, microorganisms
Chemical: semi or fully synthetic
biotechnological: monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, gene therapy
What criteria do generic drugs need to satisfy to sub for a brand name?
generic has been tested to make sure its the same type/amount of active ingredient, sane pharmacokinetic profile, same admin route, same effects
if all are equal, then drugs are bioequivalent
off label prescribing
drs prescribe drugs for conditions they are not approved for based on their experience and observation
often for conditions where we don’t have a good treatment or FDA approved option
pharmacokinetics
what happens in your body when you take a medication
absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion
movement of medicine
pharmacodynamics
how drug affects the body, the purpose of taking the medication
has cellular and systemic effects
mechanism of action
dose response/potency/therapeutic index
effects
side effects
toxicology
toxic effects of a medication in overdose or abnormal dose
What factors impact absorption of medication?
bioavailability of drug in systemic circulation determines absorption
stomach acidity, gastric emptying, SA, GI enzymes, dvlptal changes all impact
bioavailability depends on
route of administration
drugs ability to cross membranes passive/active/facilitated/other
distribution of a drug is affected by
tissue permeability, blood flow, plasma proteins, and subcellular components
eg drugs go to areas of higher blood flow first such as the live, kidneys, brain, lungs
drugs are stored in:
bone, adipose, muscle, organs
volume of distribution
amount of drug administered/concentration of drug in plasma
availability of the drug in the bloodstream
affected by distribution and it’s binding to blood proteins
drug excretion is through
kidneys: glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
excreted in urine mainly
can also be excreted through fecal matter like with fat soluble substances
Drug metabolism: significance of CYP enzyme
CYP enzyme is involved in drug metabolism, so drugs either increasing or decreasing its activity will have an impact on the metabolism of other drugs the patient is taking
could lead to toxic effects or reducing the intended effect
clearance rate of a drug
ability of organs/tissue to eliminate the drug
half life
time to reduce to 50% of the original drug amount in the body
