Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
how does hyperlipidemia affect blood vessels
cause fatty plaques leading to atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis can lead to thrombosis and MI
statins effect on cholesterol
inhibit cholesterol synthesis
list statins
-statin
atorvastatin, etc
bile acid sequestrants effect on cholesterol
promote cholesterol excretion by reducing digestion/absorption of fats
list bile acid sequestrants
cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam
list cholesterol absorption inhibitor
ezetimibe
fibrates/omega 3 fatty acids effect on cholesterol
reduce triglycerides
list fibrates
fenofibrate, gemfibrozil
list omega 3 fatty acids
fish oil, lovaza, vascepa
niacin effect on cholesterol
increase HDL
PCSK9 inhibitors effect on cholesterol
inhibit pcsk9 receptors
enzyme prevents LDL receptor removal which promotes increased removal of LDL receptors, removing cholesterol from circulation
statins MOA
inhibit HMG CoA reductase enzyme which controls cholesterol production
side effects of statins
muscle pain and weakness
fatigue
rhabdomyolysis
bile acid sequestrants MOA
bind to bile acids in intestines to form complex to be excreted
bile acid being inactivated, the liver uses cholesterol to create more bile and reduce circulating cholesterol
side effects of bile acid sequestrants
constipation
bloating
indigestion
nausea
cholesterol absorption inhibitor MOA
selective inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption by blocking transporter
indications for ezetimibe
primary hyperlipidemia
genetic condition with high cholesterol levels (homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
cholesterol absorption inhibitors side effects
diarrhea
joint pain
sinusitis
fatigue
PCSK9 inhibitors MOA
increase LDL removal from circulation
inhibit enzyme that removes LDL receptors from liver, allowing more removal
PCSK9 side effects
cold symptoms
injection site reactions
flu symptoms
back pain
fibrate/PPAR–γ activators MOA
activate PPAR alpha to regulate genes for lipid metabolism
this reduces triglyceride production, improves clearance, modulate HDL removal/production
indications for fibrates
hypertriglyceridemia
mixed dyslipidemia - low HDL and high triglyceridess
side effects of fibrates
GI symptoms
elevated liver enzymes
myopathy
increased creatinine
gallstones
skin rashes
PT implications for hyperlipidemia drugs
muscle pain as side effect, not MSK source
monitor rhabdomyolysis
BP/HR monitoring
ezetimibe/zetia MOA
block cholesterol absorption in small intestine
