Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

cause/pathophys of HF

A

ischemia from decreased blood supply by coronary arteries, not meeting myocardium’s oxygen needs

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2
Q

drugs used for chronic heart failure

A

diuretics
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
beta blockers
aldosterone receptor antagonists
cardiac glycosides
vasdilators

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3
Q

drugs used for acuute heart failure

A

diuretics
vasodilators
oxygen
beta recpetor agonists/dobutamine

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4
Q

ACE inhibitor suffix

A

pril

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5
Q

ACE inhibitor effects

A

decrease afterload by decreasing vascular resistance to improve CO

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6
Q

indications for ACE inhibitors

A

pts with any stage of L ventricular failure
those with HFrEF

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7
Q

adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A

dry cough
renal insufficiency
hyperkalemia
postural hypotension
teratogenic/fetotoxic

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8
Q

ARB suffix

A

sartan

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9
Q

MOA of ARBs

A

block At1 receptor on heart, peripheral vasculature, and kidneys
decreases preload and afterload and increase CO

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10
Q

adverse effects of ARBs

A

less cough than ACE inhibitors
hyperkalemia
postural hypotension
fetotoxic

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11
Q

aldosterone antagonist MOA

A

prevent salt retention and hypokalemia by blocking angiotensin II stimulation

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12
Q

beta blockers effect in HF

A

reduce mortality by decerasing HR, inhibit renin release from kidneys to decrease work load and oxygen consumption

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13
Q

list beta blockers used for heart failure

A

carvedilol
(beta 1 selective, below)
metoprolol
bisoprolol

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14
Q

adverse effects of beta blockers for HF

A

`bradycardia, OH, fatigue, dizziness

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15
Q

diuretics effect for HF

A

relieve pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema by reducing fluid volume and venous return (preload and afterload)

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16
Q

common suffix for diuretics

A

-ide
but not all
metolazone

17
Q

vasodilators effect for Hf

A

dilate blood vessels to decrease preload and afterload

18
Q

adverse effects of vasodilators for HF

A

headache hypotension, tachycardia

19
Q

ionotropic drugs for heart failure effect

A

positive ionotropes increase cardiac contractility and CO

20
Q

MOA of ionotropic drugs

A

increase cytoplasmic Ca concentration to strengthen muscle contraction
increase Ca concentration by inhibiting Na K pump

21
Q

list ionotropic drugs

A

digoxin
dobutamine
milrinone

22
Q

adverse effects of ionotropic drugs

A

narrow therapeutic window
anorexia
nausea/vomiting
blurred vision
cardiac arrhythmias
hypokalemia

23
Q

digoxin MOA

A

increase Ca concentration by inhibiting Na K pump, ionotropic

24
Q

milrinone MOA

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitor
increase cellular concentration of CAMP to increase Ca in the cell and cardiac contractility

25
MOA dobutamine
beta receptor agonist that increase CAMP to increase entry of Ca into cell and enhance muscle contraction in myocardium
26
PT considerations for pts with HF
monitor vital signs consider med side effects OH exercise tolerance
27
list aldosterone antagonists
spironolactone eplerenone