Asthma and COPD

Question 1

asthma vs COPD: etiology

Answer 1

asthma: allergy/environment causing chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction
COPD: exposure long term to lung irritants

Question 2

asthma vs COPD: onset

Answer 2

asthma: childhood
COPD: 40+

Question 3

asthma vs COPD: reversibility

Answer 3

asthma: w treatment or spontaneous
COPD: progressive, irreversible

Question 4

asthma vs COPD: triggers

Answer 4

asthma: allergens, exercise, cold
COPD: worsened chronic symptoms by infections or environment

Question 5

asthma vs COPD: clinical presentation

Answer 5

asthma: intermittent wheezing, chest tightness, nighttime symptoms
COPD: persistent cough w mucus, SOB, frequent resp. infections

Question 6

asthma vs COPD: management

Answer 6

asthma: corticosteroids, bronchodilators
COPD: bronchodilators, pulmonary rehab, O2 supplement

Question 7

drugs for asthma management

Answer 7

relievers: SABAs (beta adrenergic, anti cholinergic
controllers: corticosteroids, LABAs
leukotriene inhibitors
mast cell stabilizers (histamine)

Question 8

list SABAs

Answer 8

albuterol, levalbuterol
beta 2 agonists

Question 9

list LABAs

Answer 9

salmeterol
formoterol
beta 2 agonists

Question 10

beta 2 agonists MOA

Answer 10

act on beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
cause bronchodilation

Question 11

side effects of beta 2 agonists

Answer 11

tachycardia, palpitations, tremors

Question 12

anticholinergics

Answer 12

ipratropium bromide (SAMA)
tiotropium bromide (LAMA)

Question 13

anticholinergics MOA

Answer 13

inhibit muscarinic cholinergic receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction and reduce mucus secretion
used for COPD and asthma

Question 14

anticholinergics side effects

Answer 14

dry mouth
urinary retention
blurred vision
constipation
tachycardia

Question 15

corticosteroids list: inhaled

Answer 15

beclomethasone
budesonide
fluticasone

Question 16

corticosteroids list: oral/IV

Answer 16

oral prednisone
IV methyprednisolone

Question 17

corticosteroid MOA

Answer 17

decrease inflammation by binding glucocorticoid receptors to down regulate pro inflammatory genes/mediators

Question 18

clinical uses of corticosteroids

Answer 18

asthma: inhaled as maintenance therapy
COPD: for pts with frequent exacerbations or asthma, combined w LABAs/LAMAs

Question 19

side effects of corticosteroids

Answer 19

oral thrush
osteoporosis
weight gain
increased risk of infection

Question 20

leukotriene modifiers list

Answer 20

-lukast
zileuton

Question 21

leukotriene MOA

Answer 21

block leukotriene receptors or inhibit enzyme 5 lipoxygenase which makes leukotrienes
used for asthma to control inflammation

Question 22

side effects of leukotrienes

Answer 22

headache
stomach upset
mood changes
elevated liver enzymes

Question 23

clinical symptoms of COPD

Answer 23

chronic cough
dyspnea
wheezing
chest tightness
increased sputum production
frequent resp infections
cyanosis
decreased exercise tolerance

Question 24

drugs used to treat COPD

Answer 24

bronchodilators
steroids
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
supplemental O2

Question 25

phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
MOA

Answer 25

inhibit phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme to reduce inflammation for COPD

Question 26

side effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors

Answer 26

diarrhea
weight loss
nausea
headacje
insomnia

Question 27

PT considerations for COPD and asthma

Answer 27

monitor respiration during exercise
timing of medications
pacing and energy conservation
environment: avoid triggers
emergency preparation: inhaler