Asthma and COPD Flashcards
asthma vs COPD: etiology
asthma: allergy/environment causing chronic inflammation and bronchoconstriction
COPD: exposure long term to lung irritants
asthma vs COPD: onset
asthma: childhood
COPD: 40+
asthma vs COPD: reversibility
asthma: w treatment or spontaneous
COPD: progressive, irreversible
asthma vs COPD: triggers
asthma: allergens, exercise, cold
COPD: worsened chronic symptoms by infections or environment
asthma vs COPD: clinical presentation
asthma: intermittent wheezing, chest tightness, nighttime symptoms
COPD: persistent cough w mucus, SOB, frequent resp. infections
asthma vs COPD: management
asthma: corticosteroids, bronchodilators
COPD: bronchodilators, pulmonary rehab, O2 supplement
drugs for asthma management
relievers: SABAs (beta adrenergic, anti cholinergic
controllers: corticosteroids, LABAs
leukotriene inhibitors
mast cell stabilizers (histamine)
list SABAs
albuterol, levalbuterol
beta 2 agonists
list LABAs
salmeterol
formoterol
beta 2 agonists
beta 2 agonists MOA
act on beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
cause bronchodilation
side effects of beta 2 agonists
tachycardia, palpitations, tremors
anticholinergics
ipratropium bromide (SAMA)
tiotropium bromide (LAMA)
anticholinergics MOA
inhibit muscarinic cholinergic receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction and reduce mucus secretion
used for COPD and asthma
anticholinergics side effects
dry mouth
urinary retention
blurred vision
constipation
tachycardia
corticosteroids list: inhaled
beclomethasone
budesonide
fluticasone
corticosteroids list: oral/IV
oral prednisone
IV methyprednisolone
corticosteroid MOA
decrease inflammation by binding glucocorticoid receptors to down regulate pro inflammatory genes/mediators
clinical uses of corticosteroids
asthma: inhaled as maintenance therapy
COPD: for pts with frequent exacerbations or asthma, combined w LABAs/LAMAs
side effects of corticosteroids
oral thrush
osteoporosis
weight gain
increased risk of infection
leukotriene modifiers list
-lukast
zileuton
leukotriene MOA
block leukotriene receptors or inhibit enzyme 5 lipoxygenase which makes leukotrienes
used for asthma to control inflammation
side effects of leukotrienes
headache
stomach upset
mood changes
elevated liver enzymes
clinical symptoms of COPD
chronic cough
dyspnea
wheezing
chest tightness
increased sputum production
frequent resp infections
cyanosis
decreased exercise tolerance
drugs used to treat COPD
bronchodilators
steroids
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
supplemental O2
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
MOA
inhibit phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme to reduce inflammation for COPD
side effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors
diarrhea
weight loss
nausea
headacje
insomnia
PT considerations for COPD and asthma
monitor respiration during exercise
timing of medications
pacing and energy conservation
environment: avoid triggers
emergency preparation: inhaler
