Intro Pt 3 - not covered

Question 1

preclinical testing

Answer 1

1-3 years
animal trials
get dosage and toxicity
pharmacokinetics and dynamics

Question 2

Human/clinical trials

Answer 2

6-8 years
phases 1-3
1. safety
2. work in pts?
3. work in double blind?
phase 4 is post marketing surveillance and ongoing

Question 3

orphan drug program

Answer 3

drugs to treat rare conditions
expedited process to treat rare diseases
addt funding

Question 4

route of administration

Answer 4

path by which drug is brought into contact with the body

Question 5

how route is decided

Answer 5

drug properties
sire of desired action (local/systemic)
rate of absoprtion
digestion effect
routine/emergency
accuracy of dose
pt condition/cx/vomiting

Question 6

routes of administration list

Answer 6

Enteral:
oral
sublingual
rectal
Parenteral:
inhalation
injection
topical

also:
intraperitoneal
intraarticular
intraspinal
epidural
intracardiac
inhalation
topical
transdermal

Question 7

first pass metabolism

Answer 7

oral route drugs are absorbed through the stomach and sent to the portal vein for filtration in the liver
drug is metabolized by liver enzymes before entering systemic circulation

Question 8

oral route drug formulations

Answer 8

tablet
enteric coated tablet
capsule
mixture
extended release tablet

Question 9

parenteral

Answer 9

administered not through the mouth/digestive system

Question 10

parenteral route of administration

Answer 10

intramuscular
subcutaneous
intravenous
intradermal

Question 11

intrathecal

Answer 11

administer into spinal cord
spinal anesthesia, pain relief, chemo

Question 12

epidural route

Answer 12

injection into epidural space above dura before CSF
local anesthetics

Question 13

local route

Answer 13

skin - ointments, sprays, etc
inuction - rub on skin
mucous membranes - drops, mouth wash, etc