Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

autonomic NS made up of

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic
involuntary control

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3
Q

What NT is used by somatic NS?

A

Ach at effector organ

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4
Q

What NT is used in sympathetic NS?

A

preganglionic neuron releases Ach, post ganglionic neuron releases NE onto effector organ
OR
preganglionic neuron releases ACh onto adrenal medulla which releases Epi and NE into blood

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5
Q

What NT is used in parasympathetic NS?

A

preganglionic neuron releases Ach, postganglionic neuron releases Ach

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6
Q

Are preganglionic fibers longer in PNS or SNS?

A

PNS; in PNS preganglionic fiber is longer than its postganglionic and longer than SNS counterpart

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7
Q

What innervation do sweat glands have?

A

only SNS innervation, no PNS
but with Ach not NE

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8
Q

PNS activities acronym

A

SLUD
salivation
lachrymation
urination
defecation

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9
Q

functional aspects of SNS stimulation

A

dilate pupils
inhibit salivation
relax bronchi
accelerate HR
inhibit digestion
stim GLC release
Epi/NE release
relax bladder
contract rectum

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10
Q

functional aspects of PNS stimulation

A

constrict pupils
salivation
inhbit HR
constrict bronchi
stim digestion/gallbladder
contract bladder
relax rectum

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11
Q

organization of SNS

A

start at spinal cord T1-L3 with autonomic ganglia paravertebral/prevertebral
short preganglionic neurons connect to long post ganglionic neurons
synapse onto smooth/cardiac muscle and glands
NE at effector organ with alpha and beta receptors

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12
Q

organization of PNS

A

from cranial nerve nuclei and spinal cord S2-4
ganglia near effector organs
long preganglionic neurons synapse on short postganglionic neurons on smooth muscle/cardiac/glands
ACh at effector organ synapses with muscarinic receptors

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13
Q

nicotinic receptors are on?

A

skeletal muscle
ganglionic neurons
adrenal medulla
ACh stimulatory effects

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14
Q

muscarinic receptors are on?

A

effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers
ACh inhibitory or excitatory

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15
Q

What glands/organs only get SNS innervation?

A

adrenal medulla, sweat glands, blood vessels

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16
Q

Where are Nn and Nm receptors located?

A

Nn in ANS
Nm in skeltal NMJ

17
Q

Where are the muscarinic receptors located?

A

M1, 4, 5 - CNS
M2 - heart
M3 - smooth muscle

18
Q

cholinergic agonists

A

mimic ACh effects
direct and indirect

19
Q

direct cholinergic agonist

A

mimic ACh activity at cholinergic receptors

20
Q

indirect cholinergic agonists

A

inhibit actions of ACH esterase NZ
prevent ACh breakdown

21
Q

bethanechol

A

class: direct cholinergic agonist
post op GI to increase detrusor tonicity
muscarinic receptors
reactions: urinary urgency, flush, bronchial constriction, asthma attack

22
Q

pilocarpine

A

direct acting cholinergic agonist
glaucoma to reduce pressure in eye
muscarinic receptor
reactions: blurred vision, decreased night vision, eye irritation, headache, sweat/saliva

23
Q

methacholine

A

direct acting cholineragic agonist
diagnose asthma

24
Q

carbachol

A

direct acting cholinergic agonist
treat glaucoma

25
AchE inhibitor/indirect acting cholinergic agonist
block AchE action breaking down ACh in postsynaptic membrane increase ACh duration
26
side effects of cholinergic stimulants
GI distress increased salivation increased lachrymation bronchoconstriction bradycardia dificulty w visual accomodation
27
alpha 1 selective agonist drugs and uses
phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline- nasal congestion + oxy reduces eye redness
28
alpha 1 selective agonist side effects
increased BP headache slow HR
29
alpha 2 selective agonists
clonidine and methydopa antihypertensives adverse effects: dizzy, drowsy, dry mouth
30
beta 1 selective agonists
dobutamine: increase contractility dopamine: CHF adverse: chest pain, arrhythmia, SOB
31
beta 2 selective agonists
albuterol/salmeterol for bronchodilation terbutaline: delay preterm labor adverse: nervous, restless, trembling
32
non selective adrenergic drugs
mixed alpha and beta adrenergic activity amphetamines: ADHD, narcolepsy epinephrine: anaphylactic shock norepinephrine: treat hypotension adverse: CNS excitment, anxiety, hypertensino, arrhythmias
33
adrenergic antagonists
beta 1 and alpha 1 selective
34
alpha blockers | + suffix, function, side effects
-osin antihypertensives BPH urinary retention control BP while pheochromocytoma removal adverse: reflex tachy OH dizzy
35
beta 1 selective antagonists/beta blockers
-olol treat heart failure hypertension
36
non selective blockers beta 1 and 2
-olol can cause bronchoconstriction
37
adverse effects of beta adrenergic antagonists
bronchoconstriction increase airway resistance bradycardia dizzy depression lethargy
38
PT considerations for pts on meds influencing ANS
BP/HR monitoring to avoid over exertion respiratory: meds affecting tolerance dizzy/fall tisk: OH endurance: decreased exercise tolerance heat tolerance