Autonomic Pharmacology

Question 2

autonomic NS made up of

Answer 2

sympathetic and parasympathetic
involuntary control

Question 3

What NT is used by somatic NS?

Answer 3

Ach at effector organ

Question 4

What NT is used in sympathetic NS?

Answer 4

preganglionic neuron releases Ach, post ganglionic neuron releases NE onto effector organ
OR
preganglionic neuron releases ACh onto adrenal medulla which releases Epi and NE into blood

Question 5

What NT is used in parasympathetic NS?

Answer 5

preganglionic neuron releases Ach, postganglionic neuron releases Ach

Question 6

Are preganglionic fibers longer in PNS or SNS?

Answer 6

PNS; in PNS preganglionic fiber is longer than its postganglionic and longer than SNS counterpart

Question 7

What innervation do sweat glands have?

Answer 7

only SNS innervation, no PNS
but with Ach not NE

Question 8

PNS activities acronym

Answer 8

SLUD
salivation
lachrymation
urination
defecation

Question 9

functional aspects of SNS stimulation

Answer 9

dilate pupils
inhibit salivation
relax bronchi
accelerate HR
inhibit digestion
stim GLC release
Epi/NE release
relax bladder
contract rectum

Question 10

functional aspects of PNS stimulation

Answer 10

constrict pupils
salivation
inhbit HR
constrict bronchi
stim digestion/gallbladder
contract bladder
relax rectum

Question 11

organization of SNS

Answer 11

start at spinal cord T1-L3 with autonomic ganglia paravertebral/prevertebral
short preganglionic neurons connect to long post ganglionic neurons
synapse onto smooth/cardiac muscle and glands
NE at effector organ with alpha and beta receptors

Question 12

organization of PNS

Answer 12

from cranial nerve nuclei and spinal cord S2-4
ganglia near effector organs
long preganglionic neurons synapse on short postganglionic neurons on smooth muscle/cardiac/glands
ACh at effector organ synapses with muscarinic receptors

Question 13

nicotinic receptors are on?

Answer 13

skeletal muscle
ganglionic neurons
adrenal medulla
ACh stimulatory effects

Question 14

muscarinic receptors are on?

Answer 14

effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers
ACh inhibitory or excitatory

Question 15

What glands/organs only get SNS innervation?

Answer 15

adrenal medulla, sweat glands, blood vessels

Question 16

Where are Nn and Nm receptors located?

Answer 16

Nn in ANS
Nm in skeltal NMJ

Question 17

Where are the muscarinic receptors located?

Answer 17

M1, 4, 5 - CNS
M2 - heart
M3 - smooth muscle

Question 18

cholinergic agonists

Answer 18

mimic ACh effects
direct and indirect

Question 19

direct cholinergic agonist

Answer 19

mimic ACh activity at cholinergic receptors

Question 20

indirect cholinergic agonists

Answer 20

inhibit actions of ACH esterase NZ
prevent ACh breakdown

Question 21

bethanechol

Answer 21

class: direct cholinergic agonist
post op GI to increase detrusor tonicity
muscarinic receptors
reactions: urinary urgency, flush, bronchial constriction, asthma attack

Question 22

pilocarpine

Answer 22

direct acting cholinergic agonist
glaucoma to reduce pressure in eye
muscarinic receptor
reactions: blurred vision, decreased night vision, eye irritation, headache, sweat/saliva

Question 23

methacholine

Answer 23

direct acting cholineragic agonist
diagnose asthma

Question 24

carbachol

Answer 24

direct acting cholinergic agonist
treat glaucoma

Question 25

AchE inhibitor/indirect acting cholinergic agonist

Answer 25

block AchE action breaking down ACh in postsynaptic membrane
increase ACh duration

Question 26

side effects of cholinergic stimulants

Answer 26

GI distress
increased salivation
increased lachrymation
bronchoconstriction
bradycardia
dificulty w visual accomodation

Question 27

alpha 1 selective agonist drugs and uses

Answer 27

phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline- nasal congestion
+ oxy reduces eye redness

Question 28

alpha 1 selective agonist side effects

Answer 28

increased BP
headache
slow HR

Question 29

alpha 2 selective agonists

Answer 29

clonidine and methydopa
antihypertensives
adverse effects: dizzy, drowsy, dry mouth

Question 30

beta 1 selective agonists

Answer 30

dobutamine: increase contractility
dopamine: CHF
adverse: chest pain, arrhythmia, SOB

Question 31

beta 2 selective agonists

Answer 31

albuterol/salmeterol for bronchodilation
terbutaline: delay preterm labor
adverse: nervous, restless, trembling

Question 32

non selective adrenergic drugs

Answer 32

mixed alpha and beta adrenergic activity
amphetamines: ADHD, narcolepsy
epinephrine: anaphylactic shock
norepinephrine: treat hypotension
adverse: CNS excitment, anxiety, hypertensino, arrhythmias

Question 33

adrenergic antagonists

Answer 33

beta 1 and alpha 1 selective

Question 34

alpha blockers

+ suffix, function, side effects

Answer 34

-osin
antihypertensives
BPH
urinary retention
control BP while pheochromocytoma removal
adverse: reflex tachy
OH
dizzy

Question 35

beta 1 selective antagonists/beta blockers

Answer 35

-olol
treat heart failure
hypertension

Question 36

non selective blockers beta 1 and 2

Answer 36

-olol
can cause bronchoconstriction

Question 37

adverse effects of beta adrenergic antagonists

Answer 37

bronchoconstriction
increase airway resistance
bradycardia
dizzy
depression
lethargy

Question 38

PT considerations for pts on meds influencing ANS

Answer 38

BP/HR monitoring to avoid over exertion
respiratory: meds affecting tolerance
dizzy/fall tisk: OH
endurance: decreased exercise tolerance
heat tolerance