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VTT 244 Pharmacology > Sed, Tranq, Opiods, Neuro, AX > Flashcards

Sed, Tranq, Opiods, Neuro, AX Flashcards

1
Q

T/F A neurotransmitter is a chemical used to transmit nerve impulses?

A

True

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2
Q

T/F Dendrites of the neuron transmit impulses away from the cell body.

A

False - Transmits impulses toward cell body.

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3
Q

T/F The CNS is composed of the brain, spinal cord and 12 cranial nerves.

A

False - CNS comprised of brain and spinal cord only

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4
Q

T/F Metoclopramide is a cholinergic drug that helps control vomiting.

A

True

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5
Q

The main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is:
A. Norepinephrine C. Acepromazine
B. Acetylcholine D. Dopamine

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into X and X?
A. somatic & autonomic C. parasympathetic division
B. nicotinic & autonomic D. CNS

A

somatic & autonomic

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7
Q

The “fight or flight” response is controlled by the
A. somatic branch C. parasympathetic division
B. sympathetic division D. CNS

A

parasympathetic

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8
Q

Part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
A. dendrites C. axon
B. neucleus D.telodendrons

A

Axon

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9
Q

The area between two neurons where neurotranmitters are released and transferred is called
A. sinus space C. synaptic space
B. synaptic vesicle D. neural bridge

A

Synaptic space

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10
Q

A commonly used cholinergic blocking agent
A. Ace C. Albuterol
B. Atropine D. Amylase

A

Atropine

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11
Q

A common adrenergic drug used to increase heart rate, cardiac output & dilate bronchioles is
A. Atropine C. Epinephrine
B. Dopamine D. Yohimbine

A

Epinephrine

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12
Q

An adrenergic blocker that treats xylazine toxicity
A. Yohimbine C. Metaclopramide
B. Dopamine D. Yohimbine

A

Yohimbine

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13
Q

Efferent nerve impulses are impulses moving X the central cell body. While afferent impulses are going X the central cell body.

A

away & toward
Efferent = Away
Afferent = Toward

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14
Q

What role do enzymes play in nerve conduction?

A

Quickly inactivate the neurotransmitter molecules.

The action is stopped, muscles rest.

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15
Q

List the 5 components of a reflex arc in order from stimulus to response. (CNS, sensory neuron, receptor, effector, motor neuron)

A

Receptor, Sensory neuron, CNS, Motor neuron, Effector

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16
Q

What are the 3 areas of the brain for pain interpretation and list one function.

A

Cerebrum - higher functions
Thalamus - mediator between nervous & endocrine system
Medulla - Carries impulses between spinal cord & brain.

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17
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic “Fight or Flight”

Sympathetic “Rest & Restore”

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18
Q

What are the 2 receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Nicotinic & Muscarinic

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19
Q

What are the 5 receptors of the sympathetic system?

A

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2, Dopaminergic

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20
Q

What are some Adrenergic neurotransmitters?

A

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine

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21
Q

What are some Cholinergic neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine

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22
Q

Ten ml of 2.5% solution of thipentone contains how many mg of thipentone?

A 
25 mg
(multiply # by 10 = mg/ml)
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23
Q

How do drugs affect the CNS?

A

Mimic neurotransmitters
Interfere with the release of neurotransmitters
Block receptors
Interfere with a breakdown or reuptake of neurotransmitters.

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24
Q

Define Cholinergic agents

A

Stimulate receptor sites mediated by acetylcholine
May mimic or inhibit breakdown
Also called parasympathomemetic

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25
Q

The alpha 1 agent does what

A

Reduces blood flow, decrease congested mucous membranes of nasal passage

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26
Q

Alpha 2 agent does what

A

Inhibits release of norepinephrine

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27
Q

Beta 1 agent does what

A

Beat of the heart

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28
Q

Beta 2 agent does what

A

Breathe

Relaxation of muscles

29
Q

T/F For an inhalant anesthetic to work it needs to reach the brain.

A

True

30
Q

T/R A common side effect of most opioids is respiratory depression.

A

True

31
Q

Define Tranquilizer

A

Alleviates anxiety, relaxes w/o causing sleep, no pain relief

32
Q

Deifine Sedative

A

Causes relaxation & calms, helps patient sleep but easily aroused

33
Q

Define Analgesic

A

Directly relieves the perception of pain w/o loss of other sensations

34
Q

Define Anesthetic

A

Creates a loss of feeling or sensation and can be local or general

35
Q

The Mu opioid receptor does what

A

Responsible for storing analgesia, sedation, respiratory, depression, anti-tussive effect,
Euphoria

36
Q

The Kappa opioid receptor does what

A

Milder analgesia than mu, sedation without as much respiration depression.
Dysphoria

37
Q

T/F Toletamine and diazepam are the drugs found in Telazol

A

False - Tiletamine and zolazepam

38
Q

T/F Inhalant anesthetics have good analgesic effect

A

False

39
Q

Which drug reduces siezure threshold levels

A

Acepromazine

40
Q

Name the opioid that is found in the analgesic patch Duragesic

A

Fentanyl

41
Q

What class of controlled substance is pure Sodium Pentobarbital?

A

Class II (Short acting)

42
Q

List times for Long acting, Short acting, and Ultra-short acting barbiturates

A

Long acting - 8 to12 hours
Short acting - 45 min to 2 hours
Ultra short acting - 5 to 30 minutes

43
Q

Animals can be maintained on Sevoflurane at what percentage when oxygen is used as the delivery gas?

A

2.5 - 4.5%

44
Q

The benzodiazepine derivative diazepam is often administered in combination with what drug?

A

Ketamine

45
Q

The reversal agent used for opioid toxicity is what?

A

Naloxone

46
Q

Which inhalant anesthetic is best to use for induction due to less odor?

A

Sevoflorane

47
Q

What drug is use in newborns to help stimulate breathing

A

Doxapram

48
Q

Which drug is classified as an alpha 2 agonist used for sedation and some analgesic effects:

A

xylazine

49
Q

The higher the MAC of an inhalant the X the potency.

A

Lower

50
Q

Caffeine and theobrime below to a broad group of drugs known as

A

Methylxanthines

51
Q

Butorphanol and acepromazine is an example of what type of drug?

A

Neroleptanalgesic

52
Q

What is a neuroleptanalgesic

A

An opioid mixed with a tranquilizer

53
Q

A dissociative drug

A

Ketamine

54
Q

What type of drug releaves pain without loss of other sensations

A

Analgesic

55
Q

A CNS simtulant toxic to dogs

A

Theobromine

56
Q

What type drug calms patients but makes them still easily aroused?

A

Sedatives

57
Q

What type of drug is a naturally occuring analgesic?

A

Opiates

58
Q

What is the reversal agent for xylazine?

A

Yohimbine

59
Q

What type of drug relaxes the patient with no real analgesic effect

A

Tranquilzers

60
Q

What are the 2 main groups of tranquuilzers?

A

Phenothiazines (Acepromazine)

Benzodiazepines (Diazepam)

61
Q

When a dissociative drug is used, what type of effects might you expect to see from the patient? List at least two.

A

Rigidity, trancelike, sensitive to stimuli

62
Q

What is the carrier molecule for inhalant gases?

A

Oxygen

63
Q

Beta 1 and 2 receptors the sympathetic nervous system do what to the heart and blood vessels?

A

Beta 1 - heart rate/contractions

Beta 2 - vessel- and bronchodilation

64
Q

T/F Pentobarbital is considered a long acting drug?

A

False it is a short acting drug.

65
Q

T/F Cats typically require a lower dose of Phenobarbital than dogs do.

A

True

66
Q

T/F Barbiturates can cause excitement during induction and recovery commonly referred to as “paddling”.

A

True

67
Q

Barbiturates should not be used in which breed type?

A

Sight hounds

68
Q

Which drug reduces seizure threshold levels?

A

Acepromazine

69
Q

What are the four uses of Barbiturates?

A

Sedatives
Anti-convulsants
General anesthetics
Euthanasia solutions

VTT 244 Pharmacology (15 decks)

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