Anti-inflammatory & Locals Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

A process resulting from tissue injury due to physical, chemical, or biologic trauma.

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2
Q

What is the point of inflammation?

A

To remove or wall-off the cause of the injury

To repair or replace the damaged tissue

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3
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of inflammation

A

Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function

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4
Q

What chemicals are released after cell damage

A

Prostaglandins

Leukotrienes

Thromboxanes

Histamine

Cytokines

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5
Q

What are the first responses in Inflammation?

A

Increased blood flow/perfusion

Dilution of offendng agent (serum)

Fibrin to immobize agent

Phagocytic cells to get rid of agent

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6
Q

Cyclooxygenase

A

An enzyme in the inflammatory cascade

Responsible formaking prostaglandins

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7
Q

Cyclooxygenase has two forms. What are they?

A

Cox-1: maintains physiologic functions (renal blood flow, stimulate gastric mucosal protection) GOOD

Cox-2: mediates inflammation and pain BAD

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8
Q

What is the definition of pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

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9
Q

Pain can be classified into two types. What are they?

A

Adaptive and Maladaptive

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10
Q

What areas of the brain are responsible for pain interpretation?

A

Crebrum

Thalamus

Medulla

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11
Q

How can fever be an important indicator of disease?

A

Chemical mediators released by damaged cells can cause fever.

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12
Q

How can a fever serve a purpose?

A

Destruction of the invading virus or bacteria by heat activation.

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13
Q

What is a pyrogen?

A

A substance which can induce fever

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14
Q

Where do exogenous pyrogens come from?

A

From outside the body - viruses and bacteria

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15
Q

Where do endogenous pyrogens come from?

A

From inside the body - chemical mediators (protaglandins)

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16
Q

How do NSAIDs work

A

Work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase

17
Q

What are some adverse effects to NSAIDs

A

GI ulceration and bleeding due to the loss of the normal mucus coating of the stomach

Nephrotoxicity

Bone marrow suppression

Bleeding tendencies

Hepatoxicity

18
Q

Contraindications of NSAIDs

A

Liver or renal insufficiiency

Bleeding disorders

Currently taking steroids or other NSAIDs

19
Q

What species is Phenylbutazone “Bute” predominately used with?

A

Horses

20
Q

What species is Flunixi8n Meglumine (Banamine) perdominately used with?

A

Horses

21
Q

What is Carprofen (Rimadyl) used for?

A

Anti-infmamatory, analgesic, & milt anti-pyretic.

Only canine

22
Q

What is Ketoprofen (Ketofen) used for?

A

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic.

Horses

Off-label in canine and feline

23
Q

What is Etodolac (Etogesic) used for?

A

Anagesic and anti-inflammatory.

More selective inhibition of Cox-2 than Cox-1

24
Q

What is Meloxicam (Metacam) used for?

A

NSAID

A Cox-2 preferential NSAID

25
Q

Does Deracoxib (Deramaxx) inhibit Cox-1 or Cox-2?

A

Cox -2 and spares Cox-1 at theraputic doses.

26
Q

Is Ibuprofen recommended for dogs and cats?

A

No - can cause GI ulceration and renal damage

27
Q

Can Acetaminiphen be used in dogs?

A

Yes at the proper dosage, but NEVER in cats.

28
Q

What is DMSO

A

DiMethyl SulfOxide

Free radical scavenger that has anti-inflammatory & analgesic effects

29
Q

What is Adequan used for?

A

reduces inflammation

Reduces prostaglandins released after a joint injury

30
Q

What is Methocarbamol (Robaxin-V) used for?

A

Skeletal Muscle relaxant

31
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Promote proetin synthesis and increase muscle mass

32
Q

Hormonal steroids

A

Estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone

33
Q

What is the most potent natuarlly occuring anabolic steroid?

A

Testosterone

34
Q

Are corticosteroids derived from the adrenal cortex?

A

Yes

Divided into two main groups:

mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) and

Glucocorticoids (cortisol = hydocortisone)