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VTT 244 Pharmacology > Cardiac drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors cause what to happen in the heart?

A

Vasoconstriction

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2
Q

Stimulation of beta-1 receptors cause what to happen in the heart?

A

Vasodilation

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3
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood being pumped by the heart.

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4
Q

The SA node is also called what?

A

The hearts pacemaker

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5
Q

The atrial depolarization is detected as what wave on the ECG?

A

P wave

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6
Q

The AV node does what within the heart?

A

Delays depolarization to ventricles.

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7
Q

How does the AV node display on the ECG?

A

flat area between P wave to QRS complex.

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8
Q

Depolarization of ventricles (contraction) displays how on the ECG?

A

QRS complex

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9
Q

Repolarization of ventricles displays how on the ECG?

A

T wave

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10
Q

What nervous system controls activity of the heart?

A

Autonomic

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11
Q

What are four compensatory mechanisms of the heart?

A

Increase HR
Increase stroke volume (volume pushing through)
Increase Heart muscle efficiency
Physiologic heart enlargement

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12
Q

What is congestive heart failure

A

When pumping ability of heart is impaired and sodium and water are retained in an effort to compensate for inadequate cardiac output.

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13
Q

What is an Arrhythmia

A

Any abnormal patterns of electrical activity in the heart.

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14
Q

Examples of Arrhythmias

A

PVC (premature ventricular contraction)—depolarization of ventricles out of the normal sequence
Ventricular Flutter—a series of PVC’s
Ventricular Fibrillation—prolonged or constant uncoordinated ventricular contractions leading to death

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15
Q

What are the two groups of Arrhythmias?

A

Bradycardia and Tacycardia

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16
Q

Are arrhythmias classified by location?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Atrial fibrillation is also known as what?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

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18
Q

Causes of arrhythmias

A

Hypoxia
Electrolyte imbalances
Increased level or sensitivity to catecholamiens
Drugs
Trauma or disease affecting cardiac cells

19
Q

Objectives in treatment of Cardiovascular disease

A

Control rhythm disturbances
Maintain or increase cardiac output
Relieve fluid accumulations

20
Q

What are the three types of anti-arrhythmic drugs

A 
Sodium influx inhibitors (Lidocaine)
Beta Blockers (Atenolol)
Calcium Channel Blockers (Cardizem)
21
Q

What is a positive inotropic effect?

A

Increase the strength (force) of contractions.

22
Q

What is a negative chronotropic effect?

A

Slow the heart rate

23
Q

Is Angiotensin a potent vasoconstrictor?

A

Yes - inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) results in vasodilation

24
Q

What type of ant-arrhythmic drug is lidocaine?

A

Sodium influx inhibitor

25
Q

What type of anti-arrhythmic drug is Propranool?

A

Beta Blocker

26
Q

What will beta blockers do to the heart?

A

slow the heart rate

27
Q

What type of ant-arrhythmic drug is Amlodipine (Norvasc)?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

28
Q

Atropine reverses what levels of AV block

A

1st or 2nd

29
Q

Loops diuretics such as furosemide cause what

A

May cause hypokalemia with chronic use

30
Q

A chronotropic agent affects what of the heart?

A

Rate of a contraction

31
Q

What type of drug would be used to treat a cat with an aortic thromboemboism?

A

Fibrinolytic drug

32
Q

What drug is used most commonly in patients with congestive heart failure?

A

Furosemide

33
Q

What is digoxin?

A

A negative chronotrope and a positive inotrope

34
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of cardiac arrest in a surgical patient?

A

Epinephrine

35
Q

What drug is used to treat feline hypertension?

A

Amolodipine (Norvasc)

36
Q

ACE inhibitors have what effect on the body?

A

Decreased preload and afterload on the heart.

37
Q

Nitroclycerin is given primarily to achieve what effect?

A

Vasodilation

38
Q

What is Diltiazem used for?

A

Relax the heart of patients with HCM

39
Q

Lidocaine is used to control what abnormalitiy

A

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia

40
Q

What drug is classified as an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure or treat oliguric renal failure?

A

Mannitol

41
Q

Hyperthyroid cats have heart rates over 200 bpm. What drug would be used to slow the heart rate?

A

Propranotol (It is a Beta 1 receptor blocker)

42
Q

Drug classified as ACE inhibitors have what effect on the body?

A

Vasodilation

43
Q

Captopril is an example of a

A

Vasodilator

VTT 244 Pharmacology (15 decks)

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