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VTT 244 Pharmacology > Antiparastics > Flashcards

Antiparastics Flashcards

1
Q

Anthelmintics are compounds that kill what?

A

Helminths (Nematodes, Cestodes, Trematodes)

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2
Q

Clinical uses for Benzimidazoles?

A

ascarids, strongyli, lungworms, pinworms, liver flukes, tapeworms (exept Diplidium caninum) hookworms and whipworms.

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3
Q

The mechanism of action with Benzimidazoles is what?

A

Attacks cellular division. Requires several consecutive days of treatment.

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4
Q

Dosage forms of Benzimidazoles are what?

A 
Fenbendazole (Panacure safeguard)
Oxybendazole (Anthelcide EQ)
Albendazole
Oxgendazole
Levamasole
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5
Q

Mechanism of action of organophospates is what?

A

Overstimulation of nervous system and results in paralysis of muscles.

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6
Q

Antidote for organophospates is what?

A

Atropine

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7
Q

Clinical uses for organophosphates

A

Bots (horses), roundworms, stronguli, pinworms, hookworms, whipworms
Not used much since pyrenthroids came along.

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8
Q

Name five Atinematodals

A

Benzimidazoles
Organophosphates
Pyrantal, Piperazie
Macrolides

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9
Q

Dosage forms of pyrantel are?

A

Pyrantel pamoate (Nemex, Strongid-T)

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10
Q

Clinical uses of pyrantel are?

A

ascarids, strongyli, pinworms, hookworms

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of pyrantal is?

A

Mimics acetylcholien on nicotinic receptors - stimulation - paralysis - death

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12
Q

Dosage forms of macrolides are?

A

Avermictins - Ivermetins (Heartgard), Selemectin (Revolution) Doramectin
Milbemycins

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13
Q

Mechanism of ction for macrolides is?

A

Parasites neurons are unable to depolarize causing paralysis and death.

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14
Q

Drontal-plus (combination of antinematodal)

A

Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate/febantel)

Tapes, hooks, rounda and whipworms in canines.

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15
Q

Iverhart Max (combination of antinematodal)

A

Ivermectin (heartworm control)
Pyrantal pamoate (round and hook worms)
Chewable once a month. Caution with collie breeds

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16
Q

Anticestodals (three)

A

Bunamine (Scoloban)
Epsiprantel (Cetex)
Praziquantel (Droncit & Drontal)

17
Q

Epsiprantel (Cestex) does what?

A

Results in complete digestion of worm

18
Q

Praziquantel does what?

A

Requires control of carriers to eliminate adult worm?

19
Q

Clorsulon (Curatrem)

A

Liver flukes in sheep and cattle

wide safety margin

20
Q

Coccidia, toxoplasma & other protozoans

A

Sulfadimethoxine (Albon) dogs, cats, chickens and turkeys

Clindaycin HCl dogs and cats

21
Q

Giardia treatment

A

Metroidaole (Flagyl) dogs and cats

Albendazole (Valbazen ) dogs and cats

22
Q

What does the acronym H.A.R.D stand for?

A

Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease

23
Q

Heartworm preventatives

A

Ivermectin (Heartgard)
Milbemycin oxime (Interrceptor, Sentinel)
Moxidectin (ProHeart, Cydectin, Quest)
Selamectin (Revolution)

24
Q

What are some monthly flea & tick products?

A 
Frontline (fipronil)
Advantage (imidacloprid)
Advantix (imidacloprid + permethrin) Dogs only
Program (lufenron)
Sentinel (lufenuron + milbemycin)
Defend ExSpot (permethrin)
Revoution (Selamectin)
25
Q

Mechanism of Program (lufenuron)

A

inhibits production of chitin. Flea egg shell and flea larval exoskeleton unable to harden

26
Q

Metaflumizone & Amitraz is approved for demodectic mange. True or False

A

True

27
Q

Treatment for ear mites

A

Selemectin (Revolution) or

Ivermectin

28
Q

Ectoparasites refer to what?

A

Fleas, ticks, lice, mites (infested)

29
Q

Endoparasites refer to what?

A

nematodes, cestodes, Heartworms (infected)

30
Q

Heartgard contains ivermectin, it is used to prevent what?

A

Heartworm infection

31
Q

The active drug is ProHeart is moxidectin a member of which drug class

A

Avermectin

32
Q

If a drug package insert states that the drug is a cocidiostat, agains which group of parasites is this effective?

A

Protozoa (Eimeria, Isospora)

33
Q

Organophosphates have relatively few side effects. True or False?

A

False

34
Q

Melarsomine (Immiticide) is used to treat a heartworm positive dog. True or False?

A

True

35
Q

Dogs with heartworm disease are treated with aspirin because it does what?

A

Decreases the risk of clot formation

36
Q

What is the treatment of choice for organophosphate toxicity?

A

Atropine

37
Q

What insecticide is effective in treating demodectic mange?

A

Amitraz

VTT 244 Pharmacology (15 decks)

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