Antiparastics Flashcards
Anthelmintics are compounds that kill what?
Helminths (Nematodes, Cestodes, Trematodes)
Clinical uses for Benzimidazoles?
ascarids, strongyli, lungworms, pinworms, liver flukes, tapeworms (exept Diplidium caninum) hookworms and whipworms.
The mechanism of action with Benzimidazoles is what?
Attacks cellular division. Requires several consecutive days of treatment.
Dosage forms of Benzimidazoles are what?
Fenbendazole (Panacure safeguard) Oxybendazole (Anthelcide EQ) Albendazole Oxgendazole Levamasole
Mechanism of action of organophospates is what?
Overstimulation of nervous system and results in paralysis of muscles.
Antidote for organophospates is what?
Atropine
Clinical uses for organophosphates
Bots (horses), roundworms, stronguli, pinworms, hookworms, whipworms
Not used much since pyrenthroids came along.
Name five Atinematodals
Benzimidazoles
Organophosphates
Pyrantal, Piperazie
Macrolides
Dosage forms of pyrantel are?
Pyrantel pamoate (Nemex, Strongid-T)
Clinical uses of pyrantel are?
ascarids, strongyli, pinworms, hookworms
Mechanism of action of pyrantal is?
Mimics acetylcholien on nicotinic receptors - stimulation - paralysis - death
Dosage forms of macrolides are?
Avermictins - Ivermetins (Heartgard), Selemectin (Revolution) Doramectin
Milbemycins
Mechanism of ction for macrolides is?
Parasites neurons are unable to depolarize causing paralysis and death.
Drontal-plus (combination of antinematodal)
Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate/febantel)
Tapes, hooks, rounda and whipworms in canines.
Iverhart Max (combination of antinematodal)
Ivermectin (heartworm control)
Pyrantal pamoate (round and hook worms)
Chewable once a month. Caution with collie breeds
Anticestodals (three)
Bunamine (Scoloban)
Epsiprantel (Cetex)
Praziquantel (Droncit & Drontal)
Epsiprantel (Cestex) does what?
Results in complete digestion of worm
Praziquantel does what?
Requires control of carriers to eliminate adult worm?
Clorsulon (Curatrem)
Liver flukes in sheep and cattle
wide safety margin
Coccidia, toxoplasma & other protozoans
Sulfadimethoxine (Albon) dogs, cats, chickens and turkeys
Clindaycin HCl dogs and cats
Giardia treatment
Metroidaole (Flagyl) dogs and cats
Albendazole (Valbazen ) dogs and cats
What does the acronym H.A.R.D stand for?
Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease
Heartworm preventatives
Ivermectin (Heartgard)
Milbemycin oxime (Interrceptor, Sentinel)
Moxidectin (ProHeart, Cydectin, Quest)
Selamectin (Revolution)
What are some monthly flea & tick products?
Frontline (fipronil) Advantage (imidacloprid) Advantix (imidacloprid + permethrin) Dogs only Program (lufenron) Sentinel (lufenuron + milbemycin) Defend ExSpot (permethrin) Revoution (Selamectin)
Mechanism of Program (lufenuron)
inhibits production of chitin. Flea egg shell and flea larval exoskeleton unable to harden
Metaflumizone & Amitraz is approved for demodectic mange. True or False
True
Treatment for ear mites
Selemectin (Revolution) or
Ivermectin
Ectoparasites refer to what?
Fleas, ticks, lice, mites (infested)
Endoparasites refer to what?
nematodes, cestodes, Heartworms (infected)
Heartgard contains ivermectin, it is used to prevent what?
Heartworm infection
The active drug is ProHeart is moxidectin a member of which drug class
Avermectin
If a drug package insert states that the drug is a cocidiostat, agains which group of parasites is this effective?
Protozoa (Eimeria, Isospora)
Organophosphates have relatively few side effects. True or False?
False
Melarsomine (Immiticide) is used to treat a heartworm positive dog. True or False?
True
Dogs with heartworm disease are treated with aspirin because it does what?
Decreases the risk of clot formation
What is the treatment of choice for organophosphate toxicity?
Atropine
What insecticide is effective in treating demodectic mange?
Amitraz
