Final - Antimicrobials

Question 1

The drug concentration at the lower end of the therapeutic range for the antibiotic; the concentration of drug at which bacteria are inhibited:

Answer 1

MIC - Mean Inhibitory concentration

Question 2

The chemical structure found in penicillins and cephalosporins making them susceptible to bacterial enzymes:

Answer 2

Beta-lactam ring

Question 3

The process by which one compound binds to another compound resulting in the compound to precipitate out of solution:

Answer 3

Chelation

Question 4

The enzyme that is inhibited by quinolones preventing the nuclear material inside the bacteria from being condensed so the bacteria could divide:

Answer 4

DNA-gyrase

Question 5

Pyogenic means:

Answer 5

“to produce pus”

Question 6

Name a -lactam antibiotic that is naturally resistant to penicillinase:

Answer 6

Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin

Question 7

The first quinolone approved for use in the U.S. Do not use above 5 mg/kg in cats in order to avoid the risk of blindness:

Answer 7

enrofloxacin (Baytril)

Question 8

A member of the tetracycline family that is able to penetrate the CNS through the BBB (blood brain barrier); has a longer half-life and broader spectrum of activity.

Answer 8

doxycycline

Question 9

The term for bacteria that cannot be killed by a particular drug:

Answer 9

resistant

Question 10

Bacteria can can be killed by a particular drug are termed?

Answer 10

susceptible

Question 11

The name of the group of antibiotics that are very safe except for hypersensitivity reactions which are common and can be life-threatening:

Answer 11

penicillins

Question 12

Microbes that require oxygen to grow are

Answer 12

aerobic

Question 13

Microbes that grow with little to no oxygen are:

Answer 13

anaerobic

Question 14

T/F Aminoglycosides are potentially toxic to which two organs?

Answer 14

ear and kidney (oto & neph)

Question 15

T/F Early signs of nephrotoxicosis from aminoglycosides include the presence of casts and protein in the urin.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The group of antimicrobials associated with KCS:

Answer 16

Sulfonamides

Question 17

Which antibiotic is often added to polymyxin B and neomycin to make a widely used cream or ointment?

Answer 17

bacitracin

Question 18

List the trade name and its active ingredient for the quinolones antimicrobials:

Answer 18

Batril - enrofloxacin
Orbax - orbifloxacin
Zenequin - marbofloxacin

Question 19

The enzyme produced by bacteria (esp Staph. spp.) that can disable penicillins and cephalosporins:

Answer 19

beta-lactamase

Question 20

Name the condition that is sometimes referred to as “dry eye” and can result from the use of sulfonamides:

Answer 20

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Question 21

An antifungal drug that is used for deep mycoses. Causes serious kidney damage when used:

Answer 21

Amphoteracin B

Question 22

A group of antimicrobials that are readily chelated with calcium and magnesium. Do not allow animals taking these drugs to drink milk or dairy products. Do not use orally in nursing animals

Answer 22

Tetracyclines

Question 23

Added to penicillin G to slow absorption and extend therapeutic concentrations for up to three days:

Answer 23

procaine

Question 24

Use of this antibiotic in any animal intended for food is grounds for losing the license to practice veterinary medicine; can cause aplastic anemia in humans:

Answer 24

chloramphenicol

Question 25

The group of -lactam antimicrobials that are classified by generations:

Answer 25

Cephalosporins

Question 26

Drugs that can cause young animals to have yellow, mottled teeth if ingested:

Answer 26

tetracyclines

Question 27

Antimicrobials effective against organisms causing prostate infections:

Answer 27

quinolones

Question 28

Antimicrobials that work by interfering with the development of the bacterial cell wall:

Answer 28

Penicillins and cephalosporins

Question 29

Similar to penicillins and cephalosporins, this drug can also cause hypersensitivity reactions mostly of the skin:

Answer 29

sulfonamides

Question 30

Bacteriostatic antimicrobials used for rickettsial diseases such as RMSF or Lyme Disease. Two classes of drug—lipophilic and hydrophilic:

Answer 30

tetracyclines

Question 31

This drug should not be used in rapidly growing puppies due to risk of cartilage damage:

Answer 31

Baytril

Question 32

Used to treat dermatophytes (ringworm) in dogs and cats. Teratogenic in cats producing cleft palates and skeletal deformities:

Answer 32

Griseofulvin

Question 33

What is added to amoxicillin in order to make it resistant to B-lactamase?

Answer 33

Clavulanic acid

Question 34

Which group of antimicrobials may cause superinfections and death when given to rabbits, guinea pigs, ferrets and hamsters?

Answer 34

Penicillins

Question 35

A bactericidal antibiotic that is used for coccidia infections and can also cause CNS disturbances even at normal doses:

Answer 35

Metronidazole

Question 36

Even small doses of this antimicrobial injected IV in horses has resulted in arrhythmias, collapse and death:

Answer 36

doxycycline

Question 37

T/F If an animal has an allergy to Penicillin G, amoxicillin should be safe to give because its molecular structure is different.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

T/F Aminoglycosides are almost exclusively eliminated by the kidneys.

Answer 38

True