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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 8C > Flashcards

Section 8C Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chordates

A

animals that belong to the phylum chordata

-possess a notochord
-pharyngeal gill slits
-postanal tail
-dorsal
-hollow nerve tube

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2
Q

Tunicates

A

chordate animal belonging to subphylum urochordata

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3
Q

Tunic

A

body covering of urochardates

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4
Q

Sea squirts (class Ascidiacea)

A

tunicates

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5
Q

Sea squirts (class Ascidiacea)

A

tunicates

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6
Q

Salps (class thaliacea)

A

free swimming urochordates that belong to class thaliacea

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7
Q

Larvaceans (class larvacea)

A

free swimming urochordates that belong to class larvacea

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8
Q

Cephalochordates (subphylum cephalochirdata)

A

fish like chordates that belong to subphylum cephalochordata

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9
Q

Fishes

A

diverse group of animals that evolved over 530 million years ago from invertebrate chordates

-pharyngeal gill slits
-notochord
-dorsal hollow nerve tube
-postanal tail

-have cranium
- important to human nutrition
-90% of commercial fisheries will be depleted by 2050

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10
Q

Vertebrae

A

series of bones or cartilages that surround the spinal chord and constitute the spinal column of vertebrate organisms

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11
Q

Hagfish and Lampreys

A

-lack parked appendages and scales
-skeletons composed of cartilage
-Hagfish lack vertebrae (phylum myxini)
-Lampreys (subphylum vertebrata)

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12
Q

Hagfish

A

produce copious slime
-bottom dwellers in deep ocean; 77 species
-feed using dental plates on soft bodied inverts and scavenge on large vertebrates
-scavenge from inside out
-knot bodies to remove slime

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13
Q

Lampreys

A

9 to 43 species are marine
-use oral disk and rasping tongue with horny teeth to grasp prey, rasp a hole in the side of the body, and suck out tissues of fluids

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14
Q

Anafromous

A

fish that spend their adult life in the ocean but spawn in fresh water

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15
Q

Ammocetes

A

are eel like larvae of various lamprey species

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16
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

A

sharks, skates, rays, chimaeras

-cartilaginous skeletons, jaws, paired fins, and placoid scales

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17
Q

Holocephalans

A

chimaeras or ratfish

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18
Q

Elasmobranchs

A

sharks, skates and rays

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19
Q

Placoid Scales

A

type of scales in cartilaginous fishes that has a structure resembling the teeth of other vertebrates

20
Q

Sharks

A

top predators in ocean food webs

all carnivorous; feeding on marine mammals, turtles, other sharks, large fishes, small fish, invertebrates, zooplankton,

21
Q

Zooplanktivorous

A

animals that filter feed on small non photosynthetic organisms in the plankton

22
Q

Class Chrondrichthyes

A

includes sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras

-cartilaginous skeletons, jaws, paired fins and placoid scales

23
Q

Class Chrondrichthyes

A

includes sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras

-cartilaginous skeletons, jaws, paired fins and placoid scales

24
Q

Claudal fin

A

tale fin, located at the end of the caudal peduncle and it is used for propulsion

25
Q

Heterocercal tail

A

asymmetrical fin; vertebrae extend into its larger lobe

26
Q

Claspers

A

only on males, used in sharks and rays in sperm transfer

27
Q

Spiracles

A

small openings located behind the eyes of sharks and rays that serve as an opening for water entering the gill chamber when the animal is at rest

28
Q

Skates and Rays differ from eachother by

A
  1. skates have muscular tails with small fins, lay eggs-mermaid or devils purse are the egg capsule
  2. Rays have whip like tails with venomous spine, give birth to live young
29
Q

Chimaeras( class holocephali)

A

ratfish, rabbit fish, spook fish

differ from elasmobranchs via:
- upper jaw immovable
-lack spiracle
-gills are covered with an operculum

30
Q

Operculum

A

stuff flap of tissue that covers the gills of ray finned fishes and chimaeras

31
Q

Cloaca

A

common chamber of the products of the intestinal and urogenital systems

32
Q

Coelacanths(class sarcopterygii)

A

have rod shaped bones surrounded by thick muscle in their pectoral and pelvic fins

33
Q

Monophyletic Group (clades)

A

group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and all of its descendants

34
Q

Ganoid scales

A

thick bony plates composed on an inner layer of bone and an outer layer of

35
Q

Cycloid Scales

A

thin plates of dermal bone with smooth margins found in the skin of some ray finned fish

36
Q

Ctenoid Scales

A

thin plates of dermal gone with tiny teeth on their protection

37
Q

placoid scales

A

type of scale in cartilaginous fishes that has a structure resembling the teeth of other vertebrates

38
Q

Homocercal tail

A

extend beyond the end of the vertebral column and are symmetrical

39
Q

Heterocercal tails

A

asymmetrical fin, vertebrae extend into its larger lobe

40
Q

Body Shapes

A

-Fusiform:refers to a body shape characterized by tapering at both the head and the tail
-reef fish
- bottom dwellers
-sedentary
-burrowing

41
Q

Obliterative Countershading

A

different coloration in upper or lower body surfaces as a means of camouflage

42
Q

Disruptive Coloration

A

use of vertical lines to interrupt the background color of the body; often includes eye stripe and eyespot

43
Q

Chondrostei (ray finned fish)

A

heterocercal tail, primarily cartilage, ganoid scales

44
Q

Neopterygii (ray finned fish)

A

homocercal tail, bony skeleton, cycloid or ctenoid scales, maneuverable fins

45
Q

Ray finned fishes

A

class actinoperygii

46
Q

Chromatophores (pigment)

A

pigment containing and light, reflecting cells that generate skin and eyecolor

47
Q

Iridophores (pigment)

A

Specialized skin pigment cells that use crystalline plates made of guanine to reflect light

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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