Section 3 Flashcards
Precipitation Nuclei
airborne particulates that attracts water droplets: e.g. sea salts
Nekton
organisms that are active swimmers and can move against currents
Neuston
small plankton that flow or near the surface of the ocean
Pelagic Division
The water portion of the ocean
water column
Water in the ocean
Benthic division
Ocean bottom
- Distance from land.
- Light availability.
- Depth.
Neretic Province
water over continental shelf
Ocean Province
water covers deep ocean basins
Photic Zone
region of water column where sunlight can support photosynthesis
Disphotic (twilight) zone
region where there’s not enough light for photosynthesis
Aphotic Zone
region, where sunlight is absent
Plankton
organisms that drift in Ocean currents
Intertidal Zone (benthic division)
region of ocean bottom covered with water only during high tide
Shelf Zone (benthic division)
region of ocean bottom that extends from the line of lowest tide to the edge of the continental shelf
Bathyl Zone (benthic divison)
Region of ocean bottom that extends from the edge of the continental shelf to adapt to 4000 m
Abyssal Zone (benthic division)
4000-6000 m
Hadal Zone (benthic division?
> 6000 m
Epifauna (benthic division)
benthic organisms that live on bottom sediments
Infauna (benthic division)
benthic organisms that live in bottom sediments
Marine Microbes
organisms too small to examine with the naked eye; including viruses, or one celled organisms in fungi
3 Domains
- Eubacteria
- Archea
- Eukarya
Virology
study of viruses
Marine Viruses Abundance
- Diversity
- Significance in marine food webs
- Population biology
- Disease
Marine Viruses
bits of DNA and RNA surrounded by proteins; no metabolism, rely on host cells for energy, material, and organelles to duplicate- viral replication
Virologist Hypotheses
- highly of reduced prokaryotic cells
- Renegade genes
Pathogens
A microbe that causes disease or mortality
Bacteriophage
A virus, that infects a bacterium; “ phage - eater of bacteria “
Virion
infective, viral particle, released by host cell
Composed of nucleic acid core(DNA or RNA), surrounded by an outer protein coat(capsid)
Nucleocapsid
combined capsid in the core of nucleic acids of a virion
Envelope
membrane derived from the hosts nuclear or cell membrane(coat)
Icosahedral
Capsid with 20 triangular faces
Helical
caps and spirals around the core
Binal
Icosahedral heads and helical tails
Lytic Cycle
A virus has no dormant phase in the host for initiating viral replication
Lysogenic Cycle
A virus remain dormant in the host cell, or while before initiating replication
Viral Abundance
10^10 (10B) virions per Liter in surface water
10^13 (10T) virions per Kg in sediment
Population Control (marine systems)
Control, plankton blooms, alter biogeochemical, cycles, ultra food, webs, cause sedimentation of particles
Seston
particles, living or dead, that are suspended in seawater
Marine bacteria belong to eubacteria are..
primary producers, decomposers, agents in biogeochemical cycles, food for marine inhabitants, modifiers of marine sediments, symbionts, pathogens
Bacteria
Simple prokaryotic cells
-lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
-Single chromosome of DNA reproduce asexually
Binary Fission
One cell splits into two after the original cell has duplicated genetic material
Bacillus
Rod shaped bacteria
Coccus
spherical bacteria
Spirillus
corkscrew shaped bacteria; rarest
Actinobacteria
fungi like bacteria, found in marine Sediments
Chemoautotrophs
energy from chemicals
Osmotrophy
Type of heterotrophy were absorption of small organic molecules from the external medium across the cell membrane
Exoenzymes
enzyme released by Osmo trophic microbes for external digestion; e.g. decomposers
Cyanobacteria(blue/green bacteria/algae)
Photo synthetic prokaryotes that have chlorophyll ANB and release oxygen as a byproduct of their photosynthesis
stores excess energy as cyanophycean starch
Chlorophyll A
The most common photo synthetic pigment of autotroph; absorbs, primarily violet and red light
Chlorophyll B
A primary photosynthetic pigment found in new microbes, green algae, and all plants; absorbs primarily blue and red light
Carotenoids
A class of accessory pigments absorb blue light and protect chlorophyll’s from damage
Beta-carotene
A yellow or orange carotenoid pigment
Xanthophylls
a carotenoid pigments that confer a yellow or brown hue in some organisms
Phycobilins l
A class of accessory pigments that capture wave lengths, less used by chlorophylls and transfer energy to them
Phycoerythrin
A red phycobilin that absorbs green light
Phycocyanin
a blue phycobilin that absorbs orange light
Cyanobacteria
single cells, colonies, or mats
Mucilage
gelatinous secretion of algal cells for attachment of cells and their protection
Stromatolite
A coral, like community of microbes, that for Mason layer of living cells, and filaments over and accumulated mass of dead stony material
Obligate Anaerobes
thrives only an absence of oxygen; e.g. sulfur bacteria
Facultative Anaerobe
thrives in presence, or absence of oxygen; photosynthesize and presence of light; e.g. non sulfur bacteria
Bacteriophylls
A class of primary photosynthetic pigments that do not release 02
Chemosynthetic Bacteria
can form organic molecules from inorganic molecules using other chemicals rather than sunlight as a source of energy