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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Precipitation Nuclei

A

airborne particulates that attracts water droplets: e.g. sea salts

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2
Q

Nekton

A

organisms that are active swimmers and can move against currents

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3
Q

Neuston

A

small plankton that flow or near the surface of the ocean

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4
Q

Pelagic Division

A

The water portion of the ocean

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5
Q

water column

A

Water in the ocean

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6
Q

Benthic division

A

Ocean bottom

  1. Distance from land.
  2. Light availability.
  3. Depth.
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7
Q

Neretic Province

A

water over continental shelf

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8
Q

Ocean Province

A

water covers deep ocean basins

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9
Q

Photic Zone

A

region of water column where sunlight can support photosynthesis

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10
Q

Disphotic (twilight) zone

A

region where there’s not enough light for photosynthesis

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11
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

region, where sunlight is absent

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12
Q

Plankton

A

organisms that drift in Ocean currents

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13
Q

Intertidal Zone (benthic division)

A

region of ocean bottom covered with water only during high tide

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14
Q

Shelf Zone (benthic division)

A

region of ocean bottom that extends from the line of lowest tide to the edge of the continental shelf

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15
Q

Bathyl Zone (benthic divison)

A

Region of ocean bottom that extends from the edge of the continental shelf to adapt to 4000 m

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16
Q

Abyssal Zone (benthic division)

A

4000-6000 m

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17
Q

Hadal Zone (benthic division?

A

> 6000 m

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18
Q

Epifauna (benthic division)

A

benthic organisms that live on bottom sediments

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19
Q

Infauna (benthic division)

A

benthic organisms that live in bottom sediments

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20
Q

Marine Microbes

A

organisms too small to examine with the naked eye; including viruses, or one celled organisms in fungi

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21
Q

3 Domains

A
  1. Eubacteria
  2. Archea
  3. Eukarya
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22
Q

Virology

A

study of viruses

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23
Q

Marine Viruses Abundance

A
  1. Diversity
  2. Significance in marine food webs
  3. Population biology
  4. Disease
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24
Q

Marine Viruses

A

bits of DNA and RNA surrounded by proteins; no metabolism, rely on host cells for energy, material, and organelles to duplicate- viral replication

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25
Q

Virologist Hypotheses

A
  1. highly of reduced prokaryotic cells
  2. Renegade genes
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26
Q

Pathogens

A

A microbe that causes disease or mortality

27
Q

Bacteriophage

A

A virus, that infects a bacterium; “ phage - eater of bacteria “

28
Q

Virion

A

infective, viral particle, released by host cell

Composed of nucleic acid core(DNA or RNA), surrounded by an outer protein coat(capsid)

29
Q

Nucleocapsid

A

combined capsid in the core of nucleic acids of a virion

30
Q

Envelope

A

membrane derived from the hosts nuclear or cell membrane(coat)

31
Q

Icosahedral

A

Capsid with 20 triangular faces

32
Q

Helical

A

caps and spirals around the core

33
Q

Binal

A

Icosahedral heads and helical tails

34
Q

Lytic Cycle

A

A virus has no dormant phase in the host for initiating viral replication

35
Q

Lysogenic Cycle

A

A virus remain dormant in the host cell, or while before initiating replication

36
Q

Viral Abundance

A

10^10 (10B) virions per Liter in surface water

10^13 (10T) virions per Kg in sediment

37
Q

Population Control (marine systems)

A

Control, plankton blooms, alter biogeochemical, cycles, ultra food, webs, cause sedimentation of particles

38
Q

Seston

A

particles, living or dead, that are suspended in seawater

39
Q

Marine bacteria belong to eubacteria are..

A

primary producers, decomposers, agents in biogeochemical cycles, food for marine inhabitants, modifiers of marine sediments, symbionts, pathogens

40
Q

Bacteria

A

Simple prokaryotic cells

-lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
-Single chromosome of DNA reproduce asexually

41
Q

Binary Fission

A

One cell splits into two after the original cell has duplicated genetic material

42
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod shaped bacteria

43
Q

Coccus

A

spherical bacteria

44
Q

Spirillus

A

corkscrew shaped bacteria; rarest

45
Q

Actinobacteria

A

fungi like bacteria, found in marine Sediments

46
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

energy from chemicals

47
Q

Osmotrophy

A

Type of heterotrophy were absorption of small organic molecules from the external medium across the cell membrane

48
Q

Exoenzymes

A

enzyme released by Osmo trophic microbes for external digestion; e.g. decomposers

49
Q

Cyanobacteria(blue/green bacteria/algae)

A

Photo synthetic prokaryotes that have chlorophyll ANB and release oxygen as a byproduct of their photosynthesis

stores excess energy as cyanophycean starch

50
Q

Chlorophyll A

A

The most common photo synthetic pigment of autotroph; absorbs, primarily violet and red light

51
Q

Chlorophyll B

A

A primary photosynthetic pigment found in new microbes, green algae, and all plants; absorbs primarily blue and red light

52
Q

Carotenoids

A

A class of accessory pigments absorb blue light and protect chlorophyll’s from damage

53
Q

Beta-carotene

A

A yellow or orange carotenoid pigment

54
Q

Xanthophylls

A

a carotenoid pigments that confer a yellow or brown hue in some organisms

55
Q

Phycobilins l

A

A class of accessory pigments that capture wave lengths, less used by chlorophylls and transfer energy to them

56
Q

Phycoerythrin

A

A red phycobilin that absorbs green light

57
Q

Phycocyanin

A

a blue phycobilin that absorbs orange light

58
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

single cells, colonies, or mats

59
Q

Mucilage

A

gelatinous secretion of algal cells for attachment of cells and their protection

60
Q

Stromatolite

A

A coral, like community of microbes, that for Mason layer of living cells, and filaments over and accumulated mass of dead stony material

61
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

thrives only an absence of oxygen; e.g. sulfur bacteria

62
Q

Facultative Anaerobe

A

thrives in presence, or absence of oxygen; photosynthesize and presence of light; e.g. non sulfur bacteria

63
Q

Bacteriophylls

A

A class of primary photosynthetic pigments that do not release 02

64
Q

Chemosynthetic Bacteria

A

can form organic molecules from inorganic molecules using other chemicals rather than sunlight as a source of energy

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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