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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 4B > Flashcards

Section 4B Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Consolidation

A

aggregation of suspended particles in seawater of bacteria

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2
Q

Lithification

A

conversion of consolidated particles into a solid mad with mineral content

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3
Q

Sedimentation

A

settlement of water particles from suspension in water

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4
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium ion

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5
Q

Nitrogenase

A

enzyme used to fix nitrogen by breaking strong molecular is nitrogen gas; takes place in hetercost

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6
Q

Symbiotic bacteria

A

many bacteria have evolved symbiotic relationships with other marine organisms

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7
Q

endosymbiosis theory

A

body of evidence supporting the idea that some one called organisms have evolved by the incorporation of the other one called organisms of their organelles into host cell (fungi, plant, animals)

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8
Q

Eukarya

A

domain that contains all organisms with eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi)

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9
Q

Phagocytosis

A

a cell engulfs a particle by inwardly folding and separation of the cell membrane to form a vacuole

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10
Q

plastids

A

an organelle in eukaryotic cell derived originally by endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium (e.g. chloroplasts)

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11
Q

Endosymbiont

A

guest organisms or a organelle that lives within a host organism or cell

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12
Q

Hydrogen hypothesis

A

concept on the origin of eukaryotic cells that postulates an endosymbiont relationship between a host archaeologist that needed hydrogen for chemosynthesis and a guest bacterium that released hydrogen and become a mitochondrion

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13
Q

Plastid Endosymbiosis

A

evolutionary process by which a heterotrophic host cell gains the ability to photosynthesize from a photoautotroph guest cell

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14
Q

Deep-sea vent community

A

community of marine organisms that depend upon the specialized environment found at divergence zones in the ocean floor

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15
Q

chemosynthetic bacteria

A

can form organic molecules from inorganic molecules using other chemicals rather than sunlight as a source of energy

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16
Q

heterotrophic bacteria

A

Decomposers; use surrounding organic matter for materials and energy release exoenzymes to digest natural molecules, resistant to decay (cellulose)

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17
Q

Heterocost

A

specialized cell in which conditions favorable for nitrogen fixation are maintain - in cyanobacteria

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18
Q

Bioluminescent Bacteria

A

capable of emitting blue-green or yellow light using chemical energy

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19
Q

Photophores

A

an organ in some organisms that produces bioluminescence; contain cultures of luminescent bacteria

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20
Q

Archea

A

domain that contains archaeons which were formerly considered to be bacteria

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21
Q

Archaeons

A

ability to produce methane, and tolerance of extreme environmental conditions

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22
Q

3 Basic Archaeons

A

methanogens, halobacteria and hyperthermophiles

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23
Q

Methanogen

A

an archaeon that produces methane in its metabolism; are chemosynthetic and use hydrogen for energy (lives in deep sea hydrothermal vents)

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24
Q

Halobacteria

A

an archaeon that require high concentrations of salt where they live

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25
Q

Halophiles

A

an organism grows and reproduces best in the presence of salt

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26
Q

Bacteriorhodopsins

A

(purple proteins): like, capturing the protein that produces ATP and halobacteria

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27
Q

Hyperthermophiles

A

A microbe that grows in reproduces best at temperatures exceeding 100°C; live in deep sea, hydrothermal, hot events

Chemosynthetic, uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce organic compounds

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28
Q

Fungi

A

<1% of known species are marine

29
Q

Mycologist

A

scientist who studies fungi

30
Q

Mycology

A

the study of fungi

31
Q

Aspergillosis

A

a fungi disease caused by genus aspergillus

32
Q

Yeast

A

one called fungus

33
Q

Fungi

A

eukaryotes with cell walls of chitin

34
Q

Filamentous fungus

A

long thread like massed called hypha which produce a tangled mass called mycelium: body of a fungus

35
Q

Budding

A

asexual reproduction in which two individuals are produced by unequal division of the adult

36
Q

Conidospore

A

Asexually produced disbursal stage in the lifecycle of a fungus

37
Q

Fruiting body

A

Sexually reproductive structure of a fungus

38
Q

Ascocarp

A

fruiting body of an Ascomycote fungus

39
Q

Ascus

A

One component of an Ascocarp that produces 4 to 8 spores

40
Q

Lichens

A

mutualistic associations between a fungus and an algae

Fungus: ascomycotes, Algae: green algae

41
Q

Stramenopiles

A

A group of organisms that includes diatoms and have specialized flagella

42
Q

Mastigonemes

A

hair like filaments that extend from the shaft of some flagella

43
Q

Heterokont

A

cell bearing both kinds of flagella

44
Q

2 Stramenopiles

A

ochrophytes & labryrinthomorphs

45
Q

Orchrophytes

A

Photosynthetic Stramenopiles; store energy as a specialist starch

Laminarin: includes diatoms and silicoflagelllates

46
Q

Secondary plastid endosymbiosis

A

The condition in which an ancestor became host to a red algal cell that became the hosts plastid

47
Q

Diatoms

A

unicellular algae.
one of the most distinctive marine phytoplankton; >45% ocean primary production

48
Q

Frustule

A

two part cell wall of a diatom

49
Q

Valve

A

one part of the diatom frustule

50
Q

Centric diatom

A

has radially symmetrical valves; pelagic

51
Q

Pennants Diatom

A

has bilaterally symmetrical valves; benthic

52
Q

Locomotion

A

pennate distoms secrete mucilage through their Raphe: slit along the valve, by which some Pennet diatoms move along surfaces

53
Q

Silicon shell

A

lack of flagella sinking

54
Q

Strange ties to country sinking

A

chains, spines, oil droplets

55
Q

Silocoflagallates

A

planktonic, marine plankton that are both photosynthetic and heterotrophic

56
Q

Labryrinthomorphs

A

heterotrophic stramenopiles that are decomposers and pathogens

57
Q

Haptophytes

A

group of eukaryotic microbes that possess a Haptonema: rodlike organelle that projects between the two flagella of haptophytes and is used to capture prey (coccolithophores)

58
Q

Coccolithophores

A

Photo synthetic haptophytes with the cell surface covered by calcareous scales called coccliths

59
Q

Haptophytes

A

dominate pelagic, tropic waters consist of calcium carbonate, largest source of chalk on earth

60
Q

Alveolates

A

Group of microbes with membranous sacs (alveoli) beneath the cell membrane; include dinoflagellates and cilliates

61
Q

Pellicle

A

complex of alveoli and the cell membrane in alveolates

62
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

an aveolate with cellulose in its aveoli and with two heterokont flagella for locomotion

90% are marine; planktonic and benthic, some symbiotic, Parisitic, zooxanthelle and bioluminescent

63
Q

Dinosporin

A

decay resistant chemical cellulose of dinoflagellates

64
Q

Cingulum

A

horizontal groove in the middle of a dinoflagellate; contains shorter flagellum

65
Q

Sulcus

A

longitudinal groove on the surface of a dinoflagellate that extends from the cingulum; contains a longer flagellum

66
Q

anthecate

A

has a few sun layers of cellulose and its aveoli; giving the appearance of having no protective cell covering

67
Q

Thecate

A

has many layers of cellulose, and it’s Alveoli, giving at the appearance of having a protective sell covering

68
Q

Phagotrophy

A

Mode of nutrition, by which one organism eats another, either by phagocytosis, or by taking into the mouth

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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