Section 5B Flashcards
Ciliates
group of alveolates that use cilia for locomotion and feeding
Membranelles
ribbon-shaped or tufted arrangements of cilia that increase the effectiveness of locomotion and feeding
Cytostome
organelle in ciliate where phagocytosis occurs
Lorica
loosely fitting external covering
Micronucleus
smaller nucleus if ciliate; holds one set of chromosomes for inheritance by the next generation
Macronucleus
larger nucleus of ciliate; holds many sets of chromosomes FINISH
Conjugation
sexual reproduction that involves the exchange of nuclei between fused cells
Choanoflagellates
group of microbes that filter suspended particles through a specialized collar surrounding the flagellum(sponge cells)
Microvillus
one of many shirt, hair like extensions that form the collar of chaonoflagellates
Amoeboid Protozoans
group of microbes characterized by a Pseudopod
Pseudopod
finger like projection of cytoplasm and membrane that functions in both locomotion and feeding in amoeboid protozoans
Foraminiferan
an amoeboid marine protozoan with specialized pseudopods and a cancerous test
Reticulopod
pseudopod in foraminiferans with branches that interconnect to fork a net for the capture of particles
Radiolarians
amoeboid marine protozoan with specialized needle like pseudopods. (Actinopods) and a skeleton of silica
Capsule
external organic layer in radiolarians that separated the inner nuclear region from the outer region
Calymma
vacuolated outermost cytoplasm of a radiolarian; formed by actinopods passing through the capsule
Seaweeds (macroalgae; limu)
multicellular algae visible to the naked eye
Phycologist(algologist)
scientist who studies seaweeds
Fouling Community
assemblage of organisms that grow on a intertidal or a submerged artificial structure
- seaweed produce 3 dimensional structure
Compensation Depth
depth beyond which primary producers generally cannot survive
Vascular Tissue
found in higher plants; provides support and transports water, minerals and food
Thallus
body of an algae
Holdfast
part of thallus that attaches algae to sea floor
Frond(blade)
leaf life part of a seaweed
Stipe
stem like part of the thallus connecting the frond to the holdfast
Green Algae(Phylum Chlorophyta)
chlorophyll a & b
4 classes: 2 FW, 1 marine, 1 seaweed(13%)
Brown Algae(Phylum Phaeophyta)
chlorophyll c
99.7% are marine. >diversity than green, <diversity than red algae
Red Algae(Phylum Phodophyta)
chlorophyll d and with phycobilins: are 98% marine
Main defense- make thalli less editable (impregnated with CaCO3)
Cuticle
outermost non living layer of an organism; multilayered covering of protein- gives seaweeds iridescent shine
Reproduction Methods
Asexual and Sexual
Fragmentation
production of new organisms from pieces of a parent organism
Drift Algae
seaweeds feed from attachment that can accumulate on windward shores(e.g.sargassum)
Sproangium
the part of the seaweed that produces asexual spores
Sporophyte
asexual spore producing stage in the life cycle
Gametophyte
stage in the life cycle of an algae or plant during which gametes are produces through sexual reproduction
Gametanium
part of the gametophyte where gametes are produced
Alternating of Generations
describes the lifecycle of plants and includes more than one multicellular stage; usually one sexual and one asexual
Coenocytic Green Algae
cell grows and the nucleus divides, but the cell does not divide, resulting in a large multinucleud cells
Tolerance
mechanism to compensate for loss of tissue to herbivory (e.g rapid growth)
Avoidance
mechanism to reduce herbivory by being in a different place or time than the herbivore (e.g. occupy cervices)
Deterrence
mechanism to reduce herbivory by repelling a predator (e.g. CaCO3 deposits in cells)
Red Algae Reproduction
Carposporophyte, carpospore, tetrasprophyte, tetraspores.
Epiphytes (red algae)
an organism that grows on a multicellular primary producer
Coralline Algae
group of red algae that deposit CaCO3 in their cell walls; acts like cement in a coral reef systems
Epizoic
any organisms that grows on an animal
Phycocolloids(red algae)
chemicals in cell walls that help improve flexibility and strength and may be extracted for human use
Agar(red algae)
phycocolloid of red algae that is used to make laboratory culture media
Carrageenan(red algae)
phycocolloid of red algae that is used commercially for thickening
Fucoxanthin
accessory pigment in brown algae
Bladders(brown algae)
gas filled floats in the thallus
Alginates(brown algae)
phycocolloids of brown algae that increase thallus flexibility and strength
Trumpet Cells(brown algae)
kelp carry food from fronds to deeper parts of the thallus
Receptacles (brown algae)
swollen reproductive parts of brown algae
Conceptable (brown algae)
brown algae is a chamber in a receptacle that hold the gamete producing tissue
Rhizoids
a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus
4 Plants
sea grass, salt marshes, mangrove forests and kelp
Stonewort
plant that is more complex than green algae and related to land plants
Phloem
vascular tissue of plants that carries food from leaves to other plants
Xylem
vascular tissue of plants that carries water from roots to other plants
Seed
dormant stage of basil at plants that bears the embryo with protective and nutritive layer
Flowering Plants
group of vascular plants that produce seeds in fruits
Fruits
produces from the flower after pollination and contain the seeds
Sea Grass
lily-like plants that live in submerged in seawater
66 species (0.02 of flowering plants)
Halophytes
plants that grow and reproduce best in presence of salt
Hydrophyte
flowering plant that lives submerged under water
Vegetative Growth
form of asexual reproduction in which growth regions produce additional units of the plant body of identical genetic makeup
Rhizomes
underground horizontal system
Internode
part of the system between places where leaves, roots, and stems arise
Nodes
parts at which internodes meet and where leaves, roots, and stems arise
Roots
arise from nodes and anchor grass
Root Hairs
a obsorptive extensions of surface cells if a roof
Scale Leaf
non photosynthetic structures that protect the growing rip of the stem
Foliage Leaf
produce photosynthetic blade
Sheath
non photosynthetic part of a leaf
Blade
green part of the leaf
Epidermis
surface of epithelium of the skin
Arenchyme
gas containing tissue in vascular plants that consists of spaces between the cell walls
Lacunae
expanded gas filled spaces in the arenchyme
Tannins
compounds in plants that reduce herbivory and microbial infection
Bioturbation
mixing up of sediments by the activities of sea floor animals
Pollen
make gametophyte of seed bearing plant
Stigma
female part of a flower that revives the pollen
Hydrophilous Pollination
mechanism for seed dispersal of a pollen grain by water currents from the male flower to the female flower
Viviparity
reproduction by the initial retention and nourishment of offspring on or in the parent (a few seagrass species do this)
Turbidity
cloudiness in the water from suspended particles
Rhizosphere
area below ground that is physically and chemically influenced by the complex roots of a vascular plant
Culm
primary vertical stem of a marsh grass
Tillers
secondary stems surrounding a culm
Emergency Aquatic Vegetation (WAV)
salt marsh grass
Submerged Agustin Vegetation(SAV)
seagrass
Facultative Halyphyte
plant that thrives in the presence or absence of salt
Salt Glands
epidermal cells that released salt solutions to control mineral balance in plants
Succulent
plant with enlarged water filled cells in its tissue
