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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 5B > Flashcards

Section 5B Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ciliates

A

group of alveolates that use cilia for locomotion and feeding

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2
Q

Membranelles

A

ribbon-shaped or tufted arrangements of cilia that increase the effectiveness of locomotion and feeding

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3
Q

Cytostome

A

organelle in ciliate where phagocytosis occurs

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4
Q

Lorica

A

loosely fitting external covering

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5
Q

Micronucleus

A

smaller nucleus if ciliate; holds one set of chromosomes for inheritance by the next generation

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6
Q

Macronucleus

A

larger nucleus of ciliate; holds many sets of chromosomes FINISH

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7
Q

Conjugation

A

sexual reproduction that involves the exchange of nuclei between fused cells

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8
Q

Choanoflagellates

A

group of microbes that filter suspended particles through a specialized collar surrounding the flagellum(sponge cells)

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9
Q

Microvillus

A

one of many shirt, hair like extensions that form the collar of chaonoflagellates

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10
Q

Amoeboid Protozoans

A

group of microbes characterized by a Pseudopod

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11
Q

Pseudopod

A

finger like projection of cytoplasm and membrane that functions in both locomotion and feeding in amoeboid protozoans

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12
Q

Foraminiferan

A

an amoeboid marine protozoan with specialized pseudopods and a cancerous test

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13
Q

Reticulopod

A

pseudopod in foraminiferans with branches that interconnect to fork a net for the capture of particles

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14
Q

Radiolarians

A

amoeboid marine protozoan with specialized needle like pseudopods. (Actinopods) and a skeleton of silica

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15
Q

Capsule

A

external organic layer in radiolarians that separated the inner nuclear region from the outer region

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16
Q

Calymma

A

vacuolated outermost cytoplasm of a radiolarian; formed by actinopods passing through the capsule

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17
Q

Seaweeds (macroalgae; limu)

A

multicellular algae visible to the naked eye

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18
Q

Phycologist(algologist)

A

scientist who studies seaweeds

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19
Q

Fouling Community

A

assemblage of organisms that grow on a intertidal or a submerged artificial structure

  • seaweed produce 3 dimensional structure
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20
Q

Compensation Depth

A

depth beyond which primary producers generally cannot survive

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21
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

found in higher plants; provides support and transports water, minerals and food

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22
Q

Thallus

A

body of an algae

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23
Q

Holdfast

A

part of thallus that attaches algae to sea floor

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24
Q

Frond(blade)

A

leaf life part of a seaweed

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25
Q

Stipe

A

stem like part of the thallus connecting the frond to the holdfast

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26
Q

Green Algae(Phylum Chlorophyta)

A

chlorophyll a & b

4 classes: 2 FW, 1 marine, 1 seaweed(13%)

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27
Q

Brown Algae(Phylum Phaeophyta)

A

chlorophyll c

99.7% are marine. >diversity than green, <diversity than red algae

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28
Q

Red Algae(Phylum Phodophyta)

A

chlorophyll d and with phycobilins: are 98% marine

Main defense- make thalli less editable (impregnated with CaCO3)

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29
Q

Cuticle

A

outermost non living layer of an organism; multilayered covering of protein- gives seaweeds iridescent shine

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30
Q

Reproduction Methods

A

Asexual and Sexual

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31
Q

Fragmentation

A

production of new organisms from pieces of a parent organism

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32
Q

Drift Algae

A

seaweeds feed from attachment that can accumulate on windward shores(e.g.sargassum)

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33
Q

Sproangium

A

the part of the seaweed that produces asexual spores

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34
Q

Sporophyte

A

asexual spore producing stage in the life cycle

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35
Q

Gametophyte

A

stage in the life cycle of an algae or plant during which gametes are produces through sexual reproduction

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36
Q

Gametanium

A

part of the gametophyte where gametes are produced

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37
Q

Alternating of Generations

A

describes the lifecycle of plants and includes more than one multicellular stage; usually one sexual and one asexual

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38
Q

Coenocytic Green Algae

A

cell grows and the nucleus divides, but the cell does not divide, resulting in a large multinucleud cells

39
Q

Tolerance

A

mechanism to compensate for loss of tissue to herbivory (e.g rapid growth)

40
Q

Avoidance

A

mechanism to reduce herbivory by being in a different place or time than the herbivore (e.g. occupy cervices)

41
Q

Deterrence

A

mechanism to reduce herbivory by repelling a predator (e.g. CaCO3 deposits in cells)

42
Q

Red Algae Reproduction

A

Carposporophyte, carpospore, tetrasprophyte, tetraspores.

43
Q

Epiphytes (red algae)

A

an organism that grows on a multicellular primary producer

44
Q

Coralline Algae

A

group of red algae that deposit CaCO3 in their cell walls; acts like cement in a coral reef systems

45
Q

Epizoic

A

any organisms that grows on an animal

46
Q

Phycocolloids(red algae)

A

chemicals in cell walls that help improve flexibility and strength and may be extracted for human use

47
Q

Agar(red algae)

A

phycocolloid of red algae that is used to make laboratory culture media

48
Q

Carrageenan(red algae)

A

phycocolloid of red algae that is used commercially for thickening

49
Q

Fucoxanthin

A

accessory pigment in brown algae

50
Q

Bladders(brown algae)

A

gas filled floats in the thallus

51
Q

Alginates(brown algae)

A

phycocolloids of brown algae that increase thallus flexibility and strength

52
Q

Trumpet Cells(brown algae)

A

kelp carry food from fronds to deeper parts of the thallus

53
Q

Receptacles (brown algae)

A

swollen reproductive parts of brown algae

54
Q

Conceptable (brown algae)

A

brown algae is a chamber in a receptacle that hold the gamete producing tissue

55
Q

Rhizoids

A

a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus

56
Q

4 Plants

A

sea grass, salt marshes, mangrove forests and kelp

57
Q

Stonewort

A

plant that is more complex than green algae and related to land plants

58
Q

Phloem

A

vascular tissue of plants that carries food from leaves to other plants

59
Q

Xylem

A

vascular tissue of plants that carries water from roots to other plants

60
Q

Seed

A

dormant stage of basil at plants that bears the embryo with protective and nutritive layer

61
Q

Flowering Plants

A

group of vascular plants that produce seeds in fruits

62
Q

Fruits

A

produces from the flower after pollination and contain the seeds

63
Q

Sea Grass

A

lily-like plants that live in submerged in seawater

66 species (0.02 of flowering plants)

64
Q

Halophytes

A

plants that grow and reproduce best in presence of salt

65
Q

Hydrophyte

A

flowering plant that lives submerged under water

66
Q

Vegetative Growth

A

form of asexual reproduction in which growth regions produce additional units of the plant body of identical genetic makeup

67
Q

Rhizomes

A

underground horizontal system

68
Q

Internode

A

part of the system between places where leaves, roots, and stems arise

69
Q

Nodes

A

parts at which internodes meet and where leaves, roots, and stems arise

70
Q

Roots

A

arise from nodes and anchor grass

71
Q

Root Hairs

A

a obsorptive extensions of surface cells if a roof

72
Q

Scale Leaf

A

non photosynthetic structures that protect the growing rip of the stem

73
Q

Foliage Leaf

A

produce photosynthetic blade

74
Q

Sheath

A

non photosynthetic part of a leaf

75
Q

Blade

A

green part of the leaf

76
Q

Epidermis

A

surface of epithelium of the skin

77
Q

Arenchyme

A

gas containing tissue in vascular plants that consists of spaces between the cell walls

78
Q

Lacunae

A

expanded gas filled spaces in the arenchyme

79
Q

Tannins

A

compounds in plants that reduce herbivory and microbial infection

80
Q

Bioturbation

A

mixing up of sediments by the activities of sea floor animals

81
Q

Pollen

A

make gametophyte of seed bearing plant

82
Q

Stigma

A

female part of a flower that revives the pollen

83
Q

Hydrophilous Pollination

A

mechanism for seed dispersal of a pollen grain by water currents from the male flower to the female flower

84
Q

Viviparity

A

reproduction by the initial retention and nourishment of offspring on or in the parent (a few seagrass species do this)

85
Q

Turbidity

A

cloudiness in the water from suspended particles

86
Q

Rhizosphere

A

area below ground that is physically and chemically influenced by the complex roots of a vascular plant

87
Q

Culm

A

primary vertical stem of a marsh grass

88
Q

Tillers

A

secondary stems surrounding a culm

89
Q

Emergency Aquatic Vegetation (WAV)

A

salt marsh grass

90
Q

Submerged Agustin Vegetation(SAV)

A

seagrass

91
Q

Facultative Halyphyte

A

plant that thrives in the presence or absence of salt

92
Q

Salt Glands

A

epidermal cells that released salt solutions to control mineral balance in plants

93
Q

Succulent

A

plant with enlarged water filled cells in its tissue

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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