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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pressure

A

at sea level is 1 atm; for every 10m depth pressure increases by 1 atm, affects gases differently than water or other substances due to compressibility of gases.

liquids are relatively incompressible.

significantly affects breath holding animals.

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2
Q

Nutrients

A

organic and inorganic materials than an organism needs to metabolize, grow, and reproduce

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3
Q

Limiting Produce

A

limits the distribution of marine organisms

-too much nutrients can be a problem

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4
Q

Eutrophication

A

process whereby a body of water becomes enriched with nutrients

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5
Q

Oxygen

A

byproduct of photosynthesis via phytoplankton, seaweeds, and plants

-cooler, less salty= more 02
-warmer, saltier= less 02
- dissolves in water at the surface; around depends upon water temperature and salinity

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6
Q

Aerobic Organisms (aerobes)

A

organisms that require oxygen; plants, algae, animals, and the majority of marine microbes

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7
Q

Anaerobic Organisms

A

organisms that can survive in an environment that lacks oxygen; deep sea, sediments

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8
Q

Population

A

a group of the same species that occupies a specific area

  • every population has a geographic boundary
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9
Q

Geographic Range

A

geographic area within which a population is found

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10
Q

Sampling Techniques

A

used to estimate population size

-estimate size by dividing into smaller plots, counting total in plots and multiplying
-estimate size by using mark-recapture methods

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11
Q

Population Desnity

A

The number of individuals per unit or volume

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12
Q

Dispersion

A

pattern of spacing among individuals within the range

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13
Q

Clumped

A

density packed into patches

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14
Q

Uniform

A

individuals are evenly spaced

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15
Q

Random

A

spacing, unpredictable pattern

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16
Q

Generation Size

A

average time between individuals birth, and the birth of its offspring

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17
Q

Survivorship

A

refers to how long, on average, an individual of given age could be expected to live

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18
Q

Survivorship Curves Type 1

A

Low early mortality, few offspring, good care(whales)

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19
Q

Survivorship Curves Type 2

A

High mortality, early, many offspring, little care (fishes, bivalves)

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20
Q

Survivorship Curves Type 3

A

constant mortality

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21
Q

Life History

A

Three phases; birth, reproduction, death

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22
Q

Clutch Size (fecundity)

A

Number of offspring produced each time, an organism reproduces

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23
Q

Produces Once

A

All energy until one event

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24
Q

Produces Repeatably

A

must divide energy among maintenance, growth, reproduction

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25
Q

age at first reproduction

A

Timing can impact output earlier and quality and size later

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26
Q

Biological fitness

A

survival of offspring to reproduce

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27
Q

Recruitment

A

addition of new members to a population through production and immigration

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28
Q

larval settlement

A

aquatic larvae, leave the water column and settle on the bottom

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29
Q

density dependent factor

A

Population regulating factors that have a greater effect as the population size increases (availability of resources)

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30
Q

Density independent factor

A

Population regulating factors that are not related to population size(climate and weather)

31
Q

R strategist

A

An organism that reproduces early and produces large numbers of offspring

32
Q

K strategist

A

An organism that seems to maximize its carrying capacity

33
Q

herbivores

A

Animals that eat vegetation

34
Q

carnivores

A

Eats other animals

35
Q

Keystone species

A

Species that has a greater effect on community structure than it’s numbers might suggest

36
Q

Community

A

A group of interacting populations that inhabit a specific area

37
Q

Niche

A

Role a species plays in a community

38
Q

Fundamental niche

A

Broadest possible niche a population can occupy

39
Q

realized niche

A

Portion of a fundamental niche that a population actually occupies

40
Q

Connells barnacles

A

Fundamental versus realized niche

competition occurs when resources are limited; prevents, occupying same niche

41
Q

interspecific competition

A

between species

42
Q

competitive exclusion

A

local extinction of the less successful competitors in a competitive situation

43
Q

resource partitioning

A

Process that allows organisms to share resources

44
Q

light bottle

A

oxygen levels should increase or decrease less than dark bottle, (depending if photosynthesis> respiration)

45
Q

dark bottle

A

Oxygen levels decrease, do the respiration, no photosynthesis

46
Q

symbiosis

A

Situation in which two different organisms live together and close association

47
Q

mutualism

A

Both partners benefit

48
Q

commensalism

A

One partner benefits; the other does not, but is not harmed

49
Q

parasitism

A

One partner benefits at the expense of the other

50
Q

parasite

A

Member that benefits living off his partner

51
Q

host

A

Member that supports the parasite and is harmed by relationship

52
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process whereby the energy of sunlight is captured and stored in inorganic molecules

53
Q

autotroph, (producer)

A

Organism that can produce its own food

54
Q

primary productivity

A

Rate at which energy rich food molecules are being produced from inorganic materials

55
Q

light dark bottle method

A

Experimental method for determining primary production

56
Q

oxygen

A

Network for plankton

57
Q

food web

A

Complex network of feeding relationships among producers and consumers

58
Q

dissolved organic matter (DOM)

A

Lost in water column

59
Q

heterotrophs(consumers)

A

Organism that relies on other organisms for food

60
Q

first order(primary consumers)

A

Animals that feed on producers

61
Q

Second order(secondary consumer)

A

Carnivores that feed on herbivores

62
Q

third order(tertiary consumers)

A

Carnivores that feed on carnivores

63
Q

omnivores

A

Organism that relies on other organisms for food

64
Q

detritivores

A

Organisms that feed on detritus(animal waste, and decaying tissue)

65
Q

decomposers

A

Animals that break down the tissue of dead organisms and recycle nutrients

66
Q

food chain

A

Linear feeding, relationships that links producers to consumers

67
Q

trophic levels

A

Position in a food web or a chain that indicates a organisms feeding relationship

68
Q

ecological efficiency

A

Percentage of energy that is taken as food by one trophic level and passed on as food to the next higher level

69
Q

10% rule

A

On average only 10% of energy available at one trophic is passed to the next

70
Q

Energy pyramid

A

Represents the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next, shows that energy decreases with each level and number of organisms it supports

71
Q

pyramid of biomass

A

Pyramid, representing amount of all living tissue at each trophic level

72
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

Indicates relative number of all organisms at each trophic level

73
Q

biogeochemical cycle

A

combination of all biological, physical and chemical processes that are involved and recycling nutrients in an ecosystem(water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus)

74
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

a competition between individuals from the same species (cospecifics)

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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