section 4 Flashcards
What can metal substances be classified by?
Their melting point, density, hardness, and electrical/thermal conductivity
What is the definition of metal?
Elements that are conductors of electric currents and heat that tend to be bendable and shiny
What are Metal’s physical properties?
Luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
What is the definition of malleable?
A material that can be hammered or rolled into other shapes
What is the definition of ductile?
A material that can be pulled out or drawn into a wire
What is the definition of thermal conductivity?
the ability to transfer heat
What is the definition of electrical conductivity?
the ability to transfer electric current
What is the definition of reactivity?
the ease and speed of 2 substances reacting with eachother
How do metals react?
By losing electrons
What is the definition of corrosion?
gradual wearing away due to a chemical reaction
As you move across the Periodic table..
a family’s properties gradually change
From left to right across the Periodic table the reactivity of metals tend to…
decrease
What is the definition of Alkali Metals?
reactive, combined compounds in nature that are in group 1 from Lithium to Francium
What is the definition of Alkali Earth metals?
Less reactive, combined elements that are fairly hard, gray-white, and conductors of electricity located in group 2
What is the definition of transition metals?
hard and shiny, colorful compounds that are conductors of electricity in groups 3-12
Metals in mixed group are never…
fround uncombined in groups 13-15
Lanthanides are located…
at the top row, below the table
What is the definition of lanthanides?
a mixture with more common metals to create alloys
What is the definition of alloys?
a mixture of a metal with one or more elements, usually a different metal
Different lanthanides are found in nature are always..
combined with other elements
What is the definition of actinides?
elements located below lanthanides that occur naturally on Earth with an unstable nuclei that breaks quickly into smaller nuclei
What is the definition of synthetic elements?
elements with an atomic number higher than 92 that are not found naturally on Earth that have to be synthesized to be made
Scientists make synthetic elements by…
forcing nuclear particles to crash into one another
If a fast nuclei crashes into another element’s nuclei with enough energy…
Particles can combine into one nucleus
More powerful accelerators…
Make new elements and increases their atomic number
What is the definition of a nonmetal?
an element that lacks most of the properties of the metal, that are common elements on Earth
Most nonmetals are..
poor conductors of electric current and heat
Nonmetal’s atoms…
gain/share electrons when reacting with other atoms
the reaction between nonmetals and metals makes…
electrons move metal atoms to nonmetal atoms
nonmetals form compounds with other nonmetals which makes…
their atoms share electrons and bond to make molecules
What is the definition of the carbon family?
a group of elements who’s atoms gain, lose, or share 4 electrons when reacting with other elements
molecules containg long chains of carbon atoms…
are found in all living things
Fuels that burn to yield energy…
contain carbon
What is the definition of the nitrogen family?
elements located in group 15, that contain 2 nonmetals that gain or share 3 electrons
What is the definition of diatomic molecule?
a molecule consisting of 2 atoms
What is the definition of nitrogen fixation
certain bacterias that can use nitrogen to form compounds
What is the definition of the oxygen family
elements located in group 16, containing 3 nonmetals who gain or share 2 electrons
because oxygen is highly reactive..
they’re abe to combine with every other element
The Halogen family is located…
in group 17
What is the definition of halogens?
elements that mean “salt forming” who’s atoms gain/share one electrong
All halogens…
are highly reactive, uncombined elements, and dangerous to humans
An intert Gas’s atoms…
don’t gain, lose, or share electrons
Inert gases tend to be…
unreactive
Hydrogen’s atoms…
have 1 proton/electron, some neutrons who’s properties are too different from other elements
What is the definition of semimetals?
elements with properties of metals but also have properties that are typical of nonmetals that are brittle, hard, and somewhat reactive
All semimetals..
are solids at room temperature
The most useful property of the semimetals is..
their varying ability to conduct electric current
Electrical conductivity of a semimetals can depend on..
temperature, exposure to light, or the presence of impurities
What is the definition of semiconductors?
substance that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not under other conditions (ex. semimetals)
