Acids, Bases, and Solutions Flashcards
solution
A uniform mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute
solvent
the part of a solution present in the largest amount that dissolves other substances
solute
the substance that is present in a solution in a smaller amount and is dissolved by the solvent
a solution has the same properties throughout, containing solute…
particles that are to small to see
dissolving a substance into another is a…
physical change
solute and solvents have different physical properties that you can use to recover the solute from the…
solvent
in many common solutions, the solvent is..
water, a universal solvent
colloid
a mixture that contains small, undissolved particles that don’t settle out
colloids contain larger particles in a solution, still too small to be seen easily but, are large enough to scatter a…
light beam
suspension
a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtering
suspensions do not have the same properties throughout, containing visible particles larger than the particles in…
solutions or colloids
When solutions form, particles of a solvent surround/separate particles of a…
solute
as each layer of a compound is exposed, more ions…
dissolve not e
very substance breaks into ions when dissolving in water which means that the covalent bonds will remain…
unbroken
a solution of ionic compounds in water conduct electric current but, a water solution of molecular compound normally…
does not
solutes lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of a…
solvent
water molecules need more energy to escape when a…
solute is present
concentrated solution
a solution that has a lot of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent that is made by adding more solute or removing solvent
Dilute solution
a solution that has a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent that is made by increasing the amount of solvent in a solution
to measure concentration, compare the amount of ______ to the total amount of ______.
solute; solution
measure concentration as a percent of solute in a solution by its…
volume or mass
solubility
a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
unsaturated solution
a solution where you can continue to dissolve more solute
saturated solution
a solution where you have added so much solute that no more can dissolve
the solubility of a substance tells how much solute can be dissolved before a solution becomes…
saturated
you can identify a substance by its solubility because its a characteristic property of…
matter
solubilities of solutes change when the…
conditions change
factors that affect he solubility of a substance include ____, _______, and _______.
pressure; type of solvent; temperature
increasing the pressure increases the solubility of…
gases
some solvents nad solute are not compatible and in liquid solutions, the solvent affects how well a…
solute dissolvse
solids’ solubility increases as the temperature increases while gases become less soluble in a liquid when the temperature of a liquid…
goes up
a solution can dissolve more solute heated than it does at…
cooler temperatures
supersaturated solution
a solution that has more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at the given temperature
Acids
compounds whose characteristic properties includes the kinds of reactions they undergo
an acid tastes ____, reacts with ______ and _______ and turns blue litmus paper to _____.
sour; metals; carbonates; red
corrosivw
an observation that describes how acids “wear away” other materials
Indicator
a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or base
bases
another group of compounds that can be identified by their common properties
a base tastes _____, feels _______, and turns red litmus paper ____.
bitter; slippery; blue
acids and bases have many uses around the…
home and industry
Hydrogen ion (H+)
an atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron and is the key to reactions in acids which produces their properties
the negative ion may be a _____ or a _______ ion
non metal; polyatomic
an acid produces hydrogen ions in….
water
hydroxide ion (OH-)
a negative ion made of oxygen and nitrogen
when bases dissolve in water, the positive and hydroxide ions…
seperate
pH Scale
a range of values from 0 to 14 that expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
neutral
neither an acid nor a base and has a pH level of 7
a low pH indicates that the concentration of hyrogen ions is…
big
People often say that a solution is weak when they mean it is…
dilute
neutralization
a reaction between an acid and a base
after neutralization, an acid-base mixture is less ______ or _____ either of the individual solutions
acidic; basic
the pH depends on the ______, the _______ and the _________ of the reactants
identities; volumes; concentrations
salt
any ionic compound that can be made from neutralization of an acid with a base
in a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts wi the a base to produce…
a salt and water
