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Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Valence electrons?

A

electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely

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2
Q

Key concept: The number of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines…

A

many properties of the element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms

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3
Q

What is the definition of an electron dot diagram?

A

a diagram that include the symbol for the element surrounded dots that stand for one valence electron

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4
Q

What are the two ways atoms usually react that makes it more stable?

A
  1. the number of valence electrons increase to eight.
  2. The atoms gives up loosely held valence electrons
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5
Q

What is the definition of a chemical bond

A

the force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them

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6
Q

Key Concept: the Periodic table reveals the…

A

underlying atomic structure of atoms, including the arrangement of the electrons

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7
Q

How many valence electrons does group 1 have?

A

1

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8
Q

How many electrons does group 2 have?

A

2

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9
Q

How many valence electrons does group 13 have?

A

3

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10
Q

How many valence electrons are in group 14?

A

4

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11
Q

In group 18 are…

A

the inert gases t hat consist of eight valence electrons except for helium, who has 2

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12
Q

The Elements in Group 17..

A

are halogens that have 7 valence electrons

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13
Q

What is the definition of an ion?

A

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric chage

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14
Q

When an atom loses an electron…

A

it loses a negative charge and becomes a positive ion

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15
Q

When an atom gains an electron..

A

It gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion

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16
Q

What is the definition of a polyatomic ion?

A

Ions that are made of more than one atom

17
Q

What is the definition of an ionic bond?

A

The attraction between two oppositely charged ion

18
Q

Key concept: ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between…

A

positive and negative ions

19
Q

What is the definition of an ionic compound?

A

a compound that consists of positive and negative ions, such as sodium chloride

20
Q

What is the definition of a chemical formula?

A

a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound

21
Q

Key concept: When ionic compounds form the ions come together in a way that balances out…

A

the charges on the ions

22
Q

What is the definition of a subscript

A

the ratio of elements in the compound

23
Q

Key concept: For an ionic compound, the name of the positive ion…

A

comes first, followed by the name of the negative ion

24
Q

Key concept: In general, ionic compounds are…

A

hard, brittle, solid with high melting points that when melted or dissolved in water, they conduct electric current

25
What is the definition of a covalent bond?
the chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
26
Key concept: the force that hold atoms together in a covalent bond is the attraction of each...
atom's nucleus for the shared pair of electrons
27
What is the definition of a double bond?
two atoms that share two pairs of electrons
28
What is the definition of a triple bond?
atoms share three pairs of electrons
29
What is the definition of a molecular compound?
a compound that is composed of molecules that contain atoms that are covalently bonded
30
Key concept: compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have...
lower melting and boiling points, they do not conduct electric current when melted or dissolved in water
31
Key concept: unequal sharing of electrons causes the bonded atoms to have...
slight electrical charges
32
What is the definition of a polar bond?
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally
33
What is the definition of a nonpolar bond?
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
34
What is the definition of an alloy?
a mixture made of two or more elements at least one of which is a metal
35
Key concept: Alloys are generally stronger and ...
less reactive thant the pure metals from which they are made
36
Key concept: metal atoms combine in regular patterns in which the valence electrons are...
free to move from atom to atom
37
What is the definition of a metallic bond?
an attraction between a positive metal ion and the many electrons surrounding it
38
Key concept: The "sea of electrons" model of metallic bonding helps explain the...
malleability, ductility, luster, high electrical/thermal conducting of solid metals

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