Earth, Moon, and Sun

Question 1

Astronomy

Answer 1

the study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space

Question 2

How many major ways does the Earth move through space? What are they?

Answer 2

2 major ways; rotation and revolution

Question 3

Rotation

Answer 3

the spinning of earth on its axis

Question 4

axis

Answer 4

the imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North and South poles

Question 5

Revolution

Answer 5

the movement of one object around another

Question 6

What do you call one complete revolution of Earth around the sun?

Answer 6

a year

Question 7

Orbit

Answer 7

the path that Earth follows

Question 8

Ellipse

Answer 8

a slightly elongated circle that is the Earth’s orbit

Question 9

Calendar

Answer 9

a system of organising time that defines the beginning, length, and divisions of a year

Question 10

Why does Earth have seasons?

Answer 10

because its axis is titles as it revolves around the sun

Question 11

Solstice

Answer 11

When the sun is farthest north or south of the equator

Question 12

equinox

Answer 12

when the noon sun is directly overhead at the equator, which occurs twice a year

Question 13

force

Answer 13

a push or pull

Question 14

gravity

Answer 14

a force that attracts all objects toward each other

Question 15

universal law of gravitation

Answer 15

a law that states that every object int he universe attracts every other object

Question 16

the strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on what two factors?

Answer 16

the masses of the objects and the distance between them

Question 17

mass

Answer 17

amount of matter in an object that does not change

Question 18

weight

Answer 18

the force of gravity on an object that can change

Question 19

inertia

Answer 19

the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Question 20

newton’s first law of motion

Answer 20

a law that states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force

Question 21

Newton concluded what two factors combine too keep Earth in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around earth?

Answer 21

inertia and gravity

Question 22

The changing relative positions of the moon, Earth, and sun cause what to change?

Answer 22

the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides

Question 23

phases

Answer 23

the different shapes of the moon that we see from earth

Question 24

When does the moon goes through a whole set of phases?

Answer 24

each time it makes a complete revolution around Earth

Question 25

phases are caused by changes in relative positions of what?

Answer 25

the moon, Earth, and sun

Question 26

What does the phase of the moon depend on?

Answer 26

how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces earth

Question 27

How does an eclipse occur?

Answer 27

When the moons shadow hits earth or earths shadow hits the moon

Question 28

eclipse

Answer 28

when an object in space comes between the sun and a third object and casts a shadow on the object

Question 29

When does a solar eclipse occur?

Answer 29

when the moon passes directly between earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from earth

Question 30

solar eclipse

Answer 30

occurs when a new moon blocks your view of the sun

Question 31

umbra

Answer 31

the darkest, cons-shaped part of the moon's shadow

Question 32

penumbra

Answer 32

the largest par of the shadow

Question 33

Lunar eclipse

Answer 33

occurs at a full moon when earth is directly between the moon and the sun

Question 34

What does the earth block during a Lunar eclipse?

Answer 34

it blocks sunlight from reaching the moon

Question 35

tides

Answer 35

the rise and fall of ocean water that occurs about every 12.5 hours

Question 36

the tides are caused mainly by difference in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of earth

Answer 36

spring tide

Question 37

spring tide

Answer 37

Combined forces between the gravity of the sun and moon that pull in the same direction to produce a tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides

Question 38

neap tide

Answer 38

When the line between Earth and sun is at right angles to the light between the Earth in the moon during the first and third quarter phases’s arrangement produces a tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides (occurs twice a month)

Question 39

telsecope

Answer 39

a device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closereatures

Question 40

on the moons surface include maria, craters and highlands

Question 41

Maria

Answer 41

the moons surface areas that are dark and flat, formed by hardened rock from huge lava flows

Question 42

craters

Answer 42

the moons surface areas that are marked by large, round pits

Question 43

meteoroids

Answer 43

chunks of rock or dust from space that create craters through impacts

Question 44

higlands

Answer 44

light-colored, elevated, and heavily cratered regions of the moon's surface

Question 45

the moon is dry and airless; compared to earth, the moon is small and has what main differences?

Answer 45

large variations of surface and temperature

Question 46

scientists theorise that a planet-sized object collided with Earth to form what planet?

Answer 46

the moon