Motion and energy Flashcards
Reference point
a place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion
Motion
an object whose distance is changing from another object
An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a…
reference point
Once selecting your reference point, indicate a change in position by…
using a + or - sign
Signs stand for any pair of opposing directions from reference point like…
Right, left, up, down, away, toward, front, or behind
Distance
the length of a path between two points
Displacement
the length and direction that an object has moved from its starting point
Distance is the total length of the actual path between…
two points
Displacement is the length and direction of a straight line between…
starting and ending points
Vector
a quantity that consists of both magnitude and a direction
Displacement is a vector while distance is…
not
graphically shown by an arrow, the length represent the vector’s _______ and the direction of the arrow indicates the ______ of a vector.
magnitude; direction
speed
the distance an object travels per unit of time
What equation is used to calculate the speed of an object?
speed = distance/time
instantaneous speed
the rate at which an object is moving at a given instant in time
velocity
the speed in a given direction
changes in velocity may be due to changes in…
speed, direction, or both
slope
the steepness of a line on a graph
the slope of a distance-versus time graph represents speed, that is, the rate that _____ changes in relation to _______
distance; time
What formula is used to calculate slope?
slope = rise/run
acceleration
the process of speeding up + the rate at which velocity changes with time
a change in velocity can involcave a change in either _____ or _______
speed; direction
in science, acceleration refers to ______/_______ speed or changing ______
increasing; decreasing; direction
like displacement and velocity, acceleration is a _________ with ______ and _______
vector; magnitude; direction
When an objects speed _______ or _____ ________, the object accelerates
increases; stays constant
Decreasing speed is called ________ or ______ ________
deceleration; negative acceleration
What is the equation of the acceleration of an object?
(Final velocity - initial velocity)/time
you can use both a ______-versus-time graph and a ________-versus time graph to analyze the ______ of an accelerating object
speed; distance; motion
work
when an object is caused to move a certain distance
energy
the ability to make things move/work or change
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
the kinetic energy of an object depends on both its ____ and ______
mass; speed
what is the equation for kinetic energy?
1/2 * mass * speed^2
potential energy
a type of energy that has the potential to do work and is stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
gravitational potential energy
potential energy related to an object’s height
What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?
weight * height
elastic potential energy
the potential energy of objects that can be stretched or compressed
mechanical energy
an objects combined kinetic energy and potential energy
What is the equation for mechanical energy?
mechanical energy = kinetic energy + potential energy
the most common energy transformation is between what two types of energy?
potential and kinetic energy
any object that rises or falls experiences what to changes in energy?
kinetic and gravitational potential energy
law of conservation of energy
a law that states that when one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is destroyed is the process
The total amount of energy is _______ before and after any transformation
same
adding up all the new forms of energy after a ________ will mean that all of the _________ energy will be accounted for
transformation; original
